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Terrorism > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the difference between the proxy, sectarian, and civil war?

A
  • civil war is between the two main parties (Assad and rebels)
  • proxy is the 3rd party supporting conflicts
  • sectarian is Sunni vs shi’a vs kurds (religious)
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2
Q

sides of civil war

A
  • Syrian Rebels, Kurds, Isis

- Assad, hezbollah

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3
Q

sides of sectarian war

A
  • Sunni: Syrian Rebels, Isis, turkey, gulf states (Persian gulf)
  • Shi’a: Kurds, hezbollah, Iran, Assad
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4
Q

sides of proxy war

A
  • USA, rebels, Jordan, gulf states

- Russia, Iran

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5
Q

what three countries were confronted with the highest number of fatalities because of terrorism in 2012?

A

Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan

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6
Q

what scholar distinguished the four waves of terrorism?

A

David rapoport

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7
Q

what phrase best explains why terrorism is a contested concept?

A

one mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter

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8
Q

the general trend of deadly victims between 1991 and 2010 could best be described as?

A

one with ups and downs since 1991

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9
Q

most of the studies on the future of terrorism arrived at the number of very obvious conclusions. what are they?

A
  1. terrorism is not static but changing phenomenon and is likely to change in the future
  2. terrorism will continue to exist in the future
  3. terrorism is influenced by structural factors, geopolitical, demographically, tech or ideological
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10
Q

how many people die in terrorist attacks in the US after 9/11

A

a few dozen

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11
Q

T OR F terrorism is a new phenomenon that has boomed since 9/11

A

false

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12
Q

T OR F The terrorist attacks of 9/11 sparked an enormous and unprecedented growth in terrorism studies

A

True

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13
Q

T OR F terrorism is caused by poverty

A

false

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14
Q

T OR F terrorist are crazy (clinically abnormal)

A

false

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15
Q

T OR F terrorism is predominately anti-western

A

false

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16
Q

T OR F terrorism is successful

A

false

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17
Q

T OR F you can recognize a terrorist

A

false

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18
Q

T OR F de radicalization of a terrorist is possible

A

true

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19
Q

T OR F decapitation of terrorist organizations works

A

false

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20
Q

T OR F the media and politicians have an influence on the levels of fear and the impact of terrorism

A

true

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21
Q

first wave?

A

name: anarchist wave
time: late 1880-1920
MO: assassinations/bombings
Goals: destroy governments
Ex: assassination of McKinley

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22
Q

second wave?

A

name: Anti Colonial
time: 1920-1960
MO: assassination/bombing
Goals: gain independence, freedom
Ex: assassination of prime minister for MB

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23
Q

third wave?

A

name: new left
time: 1960-1980
MO: hijackings, kidnapping, hostage situations
Goals: gain recognition for their cause
Ex: weather underground bombing US state department building

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24
Q

wave 4?

A

name: religious
time: 1980-present
MO: bombing, poisonous gas
Goals: cleanse the world of other religions
Ex: al queda bombing us embassy in kenya

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25
Q

wave five?

A

name: cyber
time: 2025-2065
MO: hacking
Goals: economic goals
Ex: China hacking into our gov system

26
Q

where’s the Muslim brotherhood from

A

Egypt

27
Q

where’s hezbollah from

A

Lebanon

28
Q

where’s Hamas from

A

Gaza

29
Q

where’s Isis from

A

Iraq

30
Q

where’s Al Qa’ida from

A

Afghanistan

31
Q

where’s PNA/PLO from

A

Palestine

32
Q

Osama is from?

A

Al Qa’ida

33
Q

yasser Arafat is from?

A

Muslim Brotherhood

34
Q

ayman zawahari is from?

A

Hezbollah

35
Q

Baghdadi isn’t from?

A

ISIS

36
Q

Hezbollah is what Islam?

A

Shi’a

37
Q

Al Qa’ida is what Islam

A

Sunni

38
Q

Muslim brotherhood is what Islam

A

Sunni

39
Q

PLO is what Islam

A

political group (Sunni)

40
Q

Isis is what Islam

A

Sunni

41
Q

Hamas is what Islam

A

Sunni

42
Q

difference between ISIS, ISIL, and IS

A

Isis- Islamic state of Syria and Iraq
ISIL- Islamic state of Iraq and levant
is- Islamic state

claiming an attack on one of these with a broader term gives the attacker more room and area to attack in. more leeway

43
Q

difference between Taliban, mujihadeen, and al Qa’ida

A

al Qa’ida- international group created to spread their version of Islam
taliban- in afghan to protect and ward off attackers
mujihadeen- fend off soviet invasion of afghan in Cold War (first one made)

44
Q

why MB isn’t terrorist group

A

provided government services (protection and food) when the gov didn’t. lack of aggression

45
Q

two jihads

A
  1. the struggle to become a better person

2. struggle against non religious people to help promote Islam.

46
Q

how did ISIS use other groups methods?

A
  1. provided derives like protection and aid (like MB)

2. preach anti-western rhetoric to give them power and support and influence in Middle East (al Qa’ida)

47
Q

when did terrorism begin?

A

nizari assassins- 11th century- against Sunni authority, tried to seize holy land through sectarian war

holocaust- 20th century- nazi and jilted used terrorism against Jews, tried to make country one religion believing theirs was the best and got rid of those who didn’t

48
Q

is terrorism successful? (to accomplishing goals of organization) ex

A

no- al Qa’ida tried to purify the world with their extreme interpretation of their religion and failed multiple times

49
Q

can you recognize a terrorist by physical features? ex

A

no- u cannot justify a person by looks. the act of judging people to figure out if they’re terrorists has the potential to be incorrect and uses stereotypes.

50
Q

can u recognize a terrorist by behavior? ex

A

yes- the Oklahoma City bombers conducted numerous amounts of strange behavior before and after their main attacks and were caught because of it.

51
Q

is terrorism becoming more lethal?

A

no- the number of fatalities per year has no connection to terrorism (numbers fluctuate)

52
Q

terrorism becoming more lethal? (number of fatalities PER ATTACK)

A

yes- in 80s fatalities were 3.83, in 90s it shot up to 10.38

53
Q

is decapitation of terrorist groups successful?

A

no- head of FARC was assassinated but right afterwards the group sent out statements saying they wouldn’t stop fighting and they could just replace the leader.

54
Q

can terrorist groups be defeated?

A

yes- FMLN of El Salvador signed peace treaty with government. since their goals were able to be negotiated, the gov made deal that they’d change if the group went away

55
Q

what is deradicalization

A

an individual or group goes through a process to change their view on a topic and show them why their ideas are too extreme and must be eradicated.

56
Q

is deradicalization possible?

A

no- if the organization is still working then no- a Saudi Arabian terrorist group member graduated from a program but as soon as she was released continued to commit acts of organized crime.

57
Q

is terrorism predominately anti western?

A

no- top five counties targeted by terrorism are Iran afghan Pakistan Nigeria and Syria. according to our standards of western (mostly christian, religion and state separate), none of those countries fit the definition.

58
Q

define terrorism

A

unlawful threat or use of violence against a country’s citizens or gov to achieve political, religious, social, or economic goals

59
Q

is terrorism caused by poverty?

A

no- terrorism is more likely to spawn or of wealthy backgrounds. the Christmas Day bomber in 2009 tried to take down a plane using explosives and was from a wealthy background.

60
Q

are terrorists crazy? (clinically unstable)

A

no- have an end goal in mind. breivik attempted to drive Muslim population out of Norway with the goal in mind of protecting his country.

Terrorism (1 decks)

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