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Medical > FINAL Nutrition Wellness > Flashcards

FINAL Nutrition Wellness Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

adolescence

A
  • have enormous appetites
  • peer pressure
  • because of rapid growth, kcal requirements increase
  • stresses can lead to nutritional problems
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1
Q

children aged 1-12

A
  • once established, poor eating habits will be difficult to change
  • children likes ans dislikes
  • introducing food to children graduallly
  • force child to eat
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2
Q

difference between bulimia and anorexia

A

.

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3
Q

nausea may occur during the ______ _______ (morning ______)

A

first trimester (morning sickness)

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4
Q

pregnancy: included _________ ; sometimes occurs during _______ trimester

A

hypertension; third trimester

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5
Q

pregnancy hypertension characterized by…?

A

characterized by ⬆ BP, proteinuria, and edema.

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6
Q

Pica

A

craving for nonfood substance; causes unclear

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7
Q

substance abuse leads to..

A

mental retardation

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8
Q

-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is when…

A

alcohol enters featals circulation in the same concentration as mothers circulation infants tend to be low birth weight and microcephalic

  • have behavioral and learning disorders
  • often have noticeable to severe facial abnormalities
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9
Q

what enters the mothers milk..?

A

most chemicals (medicines, caffeine, alcohol, tobacco, etc.)

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10
Q

bacteria are commonly founded on our _____

A

bodies (face, hair and hands)

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11
Q

prevention of cross contamination

A

storage is important. in a fridge, raw produce should always be stored below cooked

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12
Q

Pests such as….. should be kept out of food premises.

A
  • flies maggots
  • rats and mice
  • cock roaches
  • birds
  • domestic animals
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13
Q

people with higher risks..

A

infants, young children and other adults, pregnant woman with weakened immune systems/chronic disease

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14
Q

what is a carrier

A

a person or animal capable of transmitting an infectious organism

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15
Q

salmonella’s cause, transmission, and symptoms

A
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16
Q

Perfringens; causes, transmitted, symptoms

A
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17
Q

Norovirus; transmitted & causes

A
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18
Q

food allergies are not _____ but..

A

inherited; but the tendency to develop allergies are inherited

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19
Q

Nutritional Requirements of senior citizens

A

-most RDA’s are consistent with those of younger people

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20
Q

ance

A

pimples

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21
Q

amernorrhea

A

the stoppage of the monthly manstrural flow

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22
Q

arthritis

A

chorionic disease involving painful imflamination and stiffness of joints

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23
Q

HYPERglycemi

A

excessive amounts amounts of sugar in the blood

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24
Q

HYPOglycemia

A

subnormal levels of blood sugar

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25
Q

hypertension

A

higher than normal blood pressure

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26
Q

regurgitation

A

vomiting

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27
Q

a mesomorph body shape

A

gain muscle easily; rectangular shaped

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28
Q

When planning a meal, one of the things to consider …

A

Variety, Texture, Appearance (ALL THE ABOVE)

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29
Q

Endomorph body shape

A

gain fat easily; round physique

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30
Q

evaluate the normalcy of an individuals body weight..

A

BMI

31
Q

Ectomorph body shape..

A

find it hard to gain weight; stringy muscles

32
Q

Biochemical testing including

A

Urine, Blood, Stool testing (ALL ABOVE)

33
Q

Percent Body Fat

A

measurement of how much of your body weight is due to fat versus muscle and other tissue

34
Q

Body Mass Index

A

Body mass relation to ones stature

35
Q

Total Energy requirements

A

individuals average total number of calories needed in a 24-hour period

36
Q

Balanced Diet

A

includes all essential nutrients in amounts that preserve and promote good health

37
Q

Basal Metabolism Rate

A

the rate at which energy is needed only for body maintenance

38
Q

Dietary Fibers

A

absorbs water in large intestine, helps create soft/bulky poop

39
Q

Homeostasis

A

state of physical balance

40
Q

Flatulence

A

gas in the intestinal tract

41
Q

Glucose

A

simple sugar to which carbs must be broke. down for absorption

42
Q

Ketosis

A

condition in which ketones collect in the blood

43
Q

Glycogen

A

glucose as stored in the liver and muscles

44
Q

Solvent

A

liquid part of a solution

45
Q

tetany

A

involuntary muscle movement

46
Q

Solute

A

substance dissolved in a solution

47
Q

toxicity

A

state of being poisonous

48
Q

hypoglycemia

A

sub level amounts of sugar in the blood

49
Q

osteomalacia

A

condition in which bones become soft

50
Q

endosperm

A

inner part of kernel grain

51
Q

whey

A

liquid part of milk that separates from the curd

52
Q

hyperglycemia

A

excessive amounts of sugar in the blood

53
Q

goiter

A

enlarged tissue of the thyroid gland

54
Q

osteoPOROSIS

A

condition in which boned become brittle

55
Q

bran

A

outer covering of grain kernals

56
Q

scurvy

A

deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin C

57
Q

rickets

A

deficiency disease caused by lack of VITAMIN D

58
Q

the stomach ___ bolus to turn into chyme

A

kneads, mixes, tears (ALL ABOVE)

59
Q

the _____ collects non-useable food residue for excretion for the body

A

large intestine

60
Q

villi and microvilli contain

A

capillaries

61
Q

the cardiac sphincter is also known as..

A

gastroesophageal valve & esophageal sphincter (BOTH)

62
Q

the liver produces a digestive liquid called ..

A

Bile

63
Q

True or False?

two of the three things saliva contains is water and salt

A

True

64
Q

True or False?

the pancreas only produces enzymes

A

False

65
Q

True or False?

Bile helps the body absorb fat into the bloodstream

A

True

66
Q

True or False?

The liver helps clean the blood of toxins m

A

True

67
Q

True or False?

the stomach is where the absorption of most nutrient occur

A

False

68
Q

Absorption

A

taking up of the nutrients in the intestine

69
Q

bolus

A

food in mouth ready to be swollowed

70
Q

metabolism

A

use of food by the body after digestion resulting in energy

71
Q

chyme

A

food mass as it mixes with gastric juices

72
Q

feces

A

solid waste from the large intestine

73
Q

saliva

A

secretion of the salivary glands

74
Q

digestion

A

break down of the body in preparation for absorption

75
Q

hydrolysis

A

addition of water resulting in the breakdown of a molecule

76
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmical movement of the intestinal tract

Medical (5 decks)

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