Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 475 > FINAL EXAM - quiz questions > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM - quiz questions Flashcards

1
Q

The “Rat Park” experiments, by Bruce Alexander, demonstrated that addiction rates are powerfully determined by

A

Social and environmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Drug vaccines, such as NicVax, are probably most effective at

A

Preventing addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What proportion of patients addicted to alcohol/drugs have also been diagnosed with a psychiatric disease?

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The use of Chantix to help people stop using nicotine is an example of what kind of pharmaceutical approach?

A

Partial agonist substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The mesolimbic pathways begins in the VTA and terminates in the

A

Nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The use of clonidine to treat alcohol/opiate addiction is an example of which pharmaceutical treatment strategy?

A

Withdrawal maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The biological definition of addiction states that addictive substances

A

Activate the VTA pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Administration of Methadone to heroin addicts is an example of

A

Agonist substitution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The drugs used in agonist substitution protocols tend be chosen because they

A

Have longer half-lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Using naltrexone to treat alcohol abuse is an example of which pharmaceutical approach?

A

Antagonist administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Relapse is most likely induced by all of the following EXCEPT

A

decreased sensitivity of DA receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The reason antagonist administration strategies are often unsuccessful is due to

A

patient non-compliance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The following are all advantages of the partial-agonist substitution pharmacological approach EXCEPT:

A

blocks pleasurable effects of the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ibuprofen is an especially good choice for

A

Nursing mothers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compared to morphine, heroin is

A

More lipid soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Suboxone is the combination of buprenorphine and

A

Naloxone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following nuclei is NOT a part of the descending pain modification system?

A

Nucleus basalts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

To which receptor does oxycodone bind the most?

A

Mu opioid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Acetaminophen is not recommended for people who have

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pharmacodynamic action of aspirin?

A

Non-selective COX inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The cell bodies of nociceptors are found in the

A

Dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In addition to stimulating mu opioid receptors, tapentadol also

A

Blocks the NET

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the primary indication for acetaminophen?

A

analgesia and antipyresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which of the following drugs is a good choice for “poor metabolizers” or patients with compromised liver function?

A

Propoxyphene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The metabolism of codeine into morphine can be blocked by

A

SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dull, diffuse pain signals are transmitted via __________ fibers.

A

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which of the orders below describes the level of opiate potency, from lowest to highest?

A

Opium, morphine, heroin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The route of administration affects nicotine’s

A

Efficacy and potency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Varenicline is a/an

A

Nicotine partial agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Varenicline should not be combined with alcohol because taking the two together

A

Increases the effects of alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In terms of toxicity, nicotine has been compared to

A

Cyanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Nicotine is an ACh

A

Agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Nicotine might be a helpful therapeutic for the treatment of

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Nicotine is

A

Both a stimulant and sedative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Caffeine is used therapeutically to treat

A

Respiratory problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Nicotine is extremely toxic when

A

Taken orally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A serious side effect of varenicline is

A

Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Which of the following compounds is NOT commonly found in e-cigarettes?

A

BPA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Nicotine has a negative interaction with

A

Oral contraceptives

40
Q

Caffeine is used “off label” to treat migraine headaches, probably because it can

A

Constrict cerebral blood vessels

41
Q

Caffeine is a/an

A

Adenosine antagonist

42
Q

Which of the following is NOT a serious side effect of methamphetamine use?

A

Liver failure

43
Q

Compared to modafinil, methylphenidate is _______ effective for the treatment of ADHD, and ________ effective for the treatment of narcolepsy

A

Equally, more

44
Q

The major pharmacodynamic mechanism of amphetamine is

A

Increased release of neurotransmitters

45
Q

Methamphetamine is made from amphetamine by substituting a ________ group.

A

-CH3 (methyl)

46
Q

The primary indication of sibutramine is the treatment of

A

Obesity

47
Q

Withdrawal symptoms of amphetamine dependency include all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Altered pain threshold

48
Q

Formication is defined as:

A

Feeling of insects crawling under skin

49
Q

An important target area in the brain for the therapeutic effects of methylphenidate is the

A

Prefrontal cortex

50
Q

Methylphenidate blocks the reuptake of

A

DA and NE

51
Q

Methamphetamine produces anorexigenic effects by

A

Increasing CART production in the hypothalamus

52
Q

A drug that has the same effect as adrenaline is known as a

A

Sympathomimetic

53
Q

The therapeutic use(s) of amphetamine is/are:

A

treatment of both narcolepsy and ADHD

54
Q

The peripheral side effects of psychostimulants resemble activation of the

A

sympathetic nervous system

55
Q

Who is most likely at risk of death after consuming cocaine?

A

an older adult in his 70s

56
Q

What is the pharmacodynamic mechanism of methylphenidate?

A

Blocks DA reuptake, increases DA release, stimulates DA receptors

57
Q

Zolpidem is a

A

non-benzodiazepine BZRA

58
Q

Aldehyde dehydrogenase is an important enzyme in the metabolism of alcohol because it converts __________ into ____________.

A

acetaldehyde; acetate

59
Q

An individual’s reduction in problem-solving abilities when under the influence of alcohol is probably due to

A

an increase of DA release in the frontal lobes

60
Q

Ethanol is readily soluble in

A

Both fat and water

61
Q

Temazepam is listed as pregnancy category ______.

A

X

62
Q

The pharmacodynamic mechanism of naltrexone is to

A

block opiate receptors

63
Q

Benzodiazepines have largely replaced treatment for insomnia for the following reasons EXCEPT:

A

they are less addictive

64
Q

A reason that women have higher blood ethanol levels than men, after accounting for size/body weight, is because women have

A

lower levels of alcohol dehydrogenase in their GI system

65
Q

Severe acute liver toxicity can occur when alcohol is combined with

A

Acetaminophen

66
Q

Zolpidem is used as a sleep aid because it has a relatively ___________ half-life and __________ metabolites.

A

Short; inactive

67
Q

What class of sedative is temazepam?

A

Benzodiazepine

68
Q

Eszopiclone has been FDA approved for continuous use up to

A

6 months

69
Q

The half-life of ethanol is determined by all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Amount consumed

70
Q

The main ROA for dronabinol is

A

Oral

71
Q

The route of administration of Sativex is

A

Oral mucosal spray

72
Q

The most ubiquitous receptors in the brain appear to be those responsive to

A

Cannabinoids

73
Q

Marinol is a

A

synthetic cannabinoid agonist

74
Q

Nabiximols is a

A

non-synthetic cannabinoid agonist

75
Q

In California marijuana was legalized for non-medical use in

A

2016

76
Q

Which of the following is NOT an off-label use for Epidiolex?

A

Weight loss

77
Q

In the US marijuana is currently listed under which DEA schedule?

A

Schedule I

78
Q

Hashish and marijuana differ mainly in their

A

Potency

79
Q

A primary indication for cannabidiol is

A

Seizure reduction

80
Q

In the US _______ states have legalized marijuana for either medical or recreational use.

A

46

81
Q

THC can take up to 5 weeks to be completely excreted from the body because

A

it is highly lipid soluble

82
Q

Which of the following is NOT a primary indication of dronabinol?

A

Anxiety

83
Q

The psychedelic whose action does not directly involve serotonin, dopamine, or acetylcholine neurons is:

A

PCP

84
Q

The catecholaminelike psychedelics have major effects on the following neurotransmitters:

A

serotonin and dopamine

85
Q

The use of psychedelics is not recommended for people who have a history of

A

Schizophrenia

86
Q

PCP is a/n

A

glutamate antagonist

87
Q

What is the legal status of peyote in the U.S.?

A

It is protected under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act for use by members of the Native American Church

88
Q

Myristicin is derived from

A

Nutmeg

89
Q

A therapeutic use of scopolamine is the treatment of

A

Motion sickness

90
Q

The molecular structure of LSD is very similar to that of

A

serotonin

91
Q

The neurotransmitter affected by the psychedelic scopolamine is

A

Acetylcholine

92
Q

LSD has been studied as a treatment for all of the following EXCEPT:

A

Cancer

93
Q

Melscaline is commonly derived from

A

Peyote cactus

94
Q

The NMDA antagonist class of psychedelics was initially developed as

A

Anesthetics

95
Q

LSD is derived from

A

Ergot

96
Q

What is the psychedelic class of mescaline?

A

Enactogen

PSYC 475 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions