Final Exam II Flashcards
T or F: swing soloists were often so distinct in style that people tuning in over radio could often easily identify them
T
How were soloists handled during the swing era?
Assigned to specific parts often no
More than 8 measures
Most controversial incidence of a soloist leaving a band
When cootie Williams left dukes band for goodmans
One way soloists worked off frustrations with their restrictions was to _________
Participate in jam sessions
Teddy Wilson
Piano in goodmans quartet
Lionel Hampton
Vibraphone in goodmans quartet
Whose band was basically the only one with a vibraphone during the jazz swing era
Benny goodmans
Which band leader wanted to racially integrate his band, a radical step on stage?
Benny goodman
The film _______ featured soloists who had become famous for their work with count Basie, Lionel Hampton, and others, and captured the idea of what the narrator called “___________”
Jammin the blues
A midnight symphony
What changed about jazz and jazz bands post war?
Focused less on checks and balances of big bands and more on small bands and individual soloists
Who did Coleman Hawkins work extensively with during the swing era?
Fletcher Henderson
The first important saxophonists in jazz were ___________ and ____________.
Sidney bichet
Frank trumbauer
Sidney bichet focused on what?
Soprano sax
Frank trumbauer focused on what?
C melody sax
Hawkins established what?
The tenor sax as the embodiment of jazz
T or F: hawkins’s style was not considered the “correct” style of playing
F
What instrument sometimes rivaled the trumpet as jazz’s main instrument?
Tenor saxophone
Hawkins mastered chords and the way the relate to each other by?
Developing his style based on arpeggios
Arpeggio
A chords notes are played successively, one at a time
What made hawkins’s style so unique?
He broke down chords into component notes
Who was rival to Hawkins and rose while he was in Europe?
Lester young
Went to England to sign with British bandleader
Was greeted at every stop and ended up staying for 5 years
Hawkins
Ben Webster
Studied violin and piano before taking up tenor sax
Ben websters mentors
Budd Johnson and Lester young
Tenor star and arranger in earl Hines big band
Budd Johnson
The three pillars of the tenor saxophone
Hawkins
Young
Webster
Began on alto sax and later switched to tenor. Took spot as hendorsons tenor soloist, and later joined cab Calloway band
Chu Berry
Most original and influential trumpeter of the swing era
Roy Eldridge
Eldridge continued to study ________, but his primary stimulation came from ________.
Armstrong
Saxophonists
First black musician to sit in a white orchestra
Roy Eldridge
Who’s sound did Lester young sought to reproduce?
Frank traumbaer
Which musician was drafted into the war
Lester young
Hawkins vs young
- Hawkins arpeggiated each chord in a harmonic progression, while young touched on some chords and ignored others
- hawkins had a more restricted attitude towards dissonance and rhythm, while Young was more liberal
- Hawkins phrases were tied to the beat, while youngs sometimes disregarded the beat
Two contrary factors that stimulated jazz growth abroad
Serious exhilarating art
Rebellion and liberty
Reinhardt and grappelli’s band
The quintette
What replaced piano and drums in the quintette
Two rhythm guitars and bass
What instruments did carter play?
Alto sax and trumpet
Carters four components to the impact he made on jazz
Instrumental
Composing
Band leading
Social activism
Who established the alto saxophone as a major jazz instrument?
Benny carter
The first important jazz arranger to cut away the complex ornamentation of most dance bands
Benny carter
The most imitated trademark in Benny carter’s orchestrations was ___________.
His writing for the reed section
The first full time singers in a dance band
Bing Crosby
Mildred bailey
First major interracial night spot in the country
New York cafe society
Who became Ella’s legal guardian?
Chick Webb
Which recording made Ella famous?
A tisket a tasket
The foundation of swing bands lie in which section?
Rhythm
Which instruments helped set the stage for bebop?
Rhythm
Stride pianist who admired James p Johnson
Fats Waller
After Ellington, _________ remains jazz’s most successful pop songwriter
Fats Waller
What did much of fats wallers fame come from?
Songs he wrote for theatrical events
A pianist who was blind
Art Tatum
Word used to identify an artist of masterly technique and skill
Virtuoso
T or F: art Tatum was generally accepted into mainstream
False
Which instrument lost its recognition and importance in jazz and was sometimes seen as unimportant?
acoustic Guitar
Who’s band did Christian first join?
Benny Goodman
Charlie Christian
brought guitar to forefront of band
What historical figure was Charlie Christian compared to?
Thomas Edison
Of all the instruments in the jazz ensemble, the __________ was the slowest in reaching maturity.
Bass
Who codified the walking bass
Walter page
Expanded the bass walk by using more advanced harmonies
Milt Hinton
Who also won respect as an important jazz photographer?
Hinton
Most in demand, frequently recorded bassist of his generation
Milt Hinton
Another bassist who began recording at 16 and spent three years with hendorsons band, encouraged to play solos
Israel Crosby
Best known bassist of swing era not famous for playing but because he led the most popular small band of its day
John Kirby
Bassist who was known for his ability to imitate scat singing
Slam Stewart
Who did the most to advance the cause of the bass?
Duke Ellington
Jimmy Blanton
Revolutionized the bass instrument
Which instrument did Blanton start out on
Violin
Slow syncopated rhythms derived from boogie woogie
Shuffle rhythms
First great swing drummer and first to lead his own orchestra
Chick Webb
First drummer to achieve the status of a matinee idol
Gene Krupa
Gene kruppas trademark
Playing Tom toms
A drummer who made his mark with count Basie, creating the fleet four four drive that made Basies rhythm section a swing era touchstone
Jo jones
One of the first drummers to work out a coherent logical approach to solos
Big Sid
The first white drummer to master African American percussion
Dave Tough
Famous for his speed and played with tommy Dorsey’s big band
Buddy Rich
who revolutionized jazz by using arpeggios
Hawkins
