Final Exam Flashcards
Viral DNA can insert itself into the infected cell’s DMA and become part of cellular DNA. Viral genes can remain _________ for a long period of time
dormat
What kind of molecule has enzymatic activity that is RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase, RNA exonuclease activity, and DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity
Reverse transcriptase (RT)
What is AZT
it inhibits reverse transcriptase and is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA
How is CCA attached in tRNA
5’ end has P attached, 3’ ends in CCA
What is another name for tRNA and what is its structure
clover leaf
secondary structure, folds into L-shaped tertiary structure
___________ tRNA has an amino acid attached
Charged
The genetic code is degenerate: more than one codon for some AA -> some tRNAs an recognize more than one ______
codon
What are the three binding sites of tRNA
A: entry point
P: peptide chain grows
E: empty tRNA leaves
Does dissociation or assembly need energy
Dissociation only needs energy
What does IF-1, 2, 3 block
IF-1 blocks A site
IF-2 blocks P site
IF-3 blocks E site
What is the three steps of initiation
mRNA is positioned on the ribosome (IF-1, IF-3)
tRNA brought to ribosome (IF-2, GTP)
50s ribosomal subunit joins complex (hydrolysis by IF-2)
What are the three steps of elongation
Binding of incoming tRNA (EF-Tu, GTP) (hydrolysis by EF-Tu)
Peptide bond formation
Translocation (EF-G, GTP) (hydrolysis by EF-G)
What are the three steps of termination
Binding of release factors (RF1 or RF2)
Hydrolysis of polypeptidyl-tRNA (RF1 or RF2)
Dissociation of components (EF-G, GTP, RF3, IF3, RRF) (hydrolysis of EF-G)