Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Viral DNA can insert itself into the infected cell’s DMA and become part of cellular DNA. Viral genes can remain _________ for a long period of time

A

dormat

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2
Q

What kind of molecule has enzymatic activity that is RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase, RNA exonuclease activity, and DNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity

A

Reverse transcriptase (RT)

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3
Q

What is AZT

A

it inhibits reverse transcriptase and is incorporated into newly synthesized DNA

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4
Q

How is CCA attached in tRNA

A

5’ end has P attached, 3’ ends in CCA

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5
Q

What is another name for tRNA and what is its structure

A

clover leaf
secondary structure, folds into L-shaped tertiary structure

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6
Q

___________ tRNA has an amino acid attached

A

Charged

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7
Q

The genetic code is degenerate: more than one codon for some AA -> some tRNAs an recognize more than one ______

A

codon

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8
Q

What are the three binding sites of tRNA

A

A: entry point
P: peptide chain grows
E: empty tRNA leaves

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9
Q

Does dissociation or assembly need energy

A

Dissociation only needs energy

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10
Q

What does IF-1, 2, 3 block

A

IF-1 blocks A site
IF-2 blocks P site
IF-3 blocks E site

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11
Q

What is the three steps of initiation

A

mRNA is positioned on the ribosome (IF-1, IF-3)
tRNA brought to ribosome (IF-2, GTP)
50s ribosomal subunit joins complex (hydrolysis by IF-2)

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12
Q

What are the three steps of elongation

A

Binding of incoming tRNA (EF-Tu, GTP) (hydrolysis by EF-Tu)
Peptide bond formation
Translocation (EF-G, GTP) (hydrolysis by EF-G)

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13
Q

What are the three steps of termination

A

Binding of release factors (RF1 or RF2)
Hydrolysis of polypeptidyl-tRNA (RF1 or RF2)
Dissociation of components (EF-G, GTP, RF3, IF3, RRF) (hydrolysis of EF-G)

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