final exam Flashcards
what is the diffference between the universe and the sample
sample is who you are surveying and the universe is the opinions of people who you are trying to discover
all men are entitled to what two things
freedom of equality of opportunity and equality under the law
comprimise is used to ____ and ________ competing views and interests
blend and adgust
intensity,____ ,and____are the three difficulties of measuing scientific polls
relevance and stability
What did Mccolloch v. Maryland establish?
that federal law is
supreme over state law.
Which court heard cases such as Gideon v. Wainwright and Miranda v Arizona?
th warren court (most liberal court ever)
judicial activism
argues that judges
should take into account how social
values and conditions may have changed
judicial restrain def
argues that the courts should
defer to the policy decisions of the legislative
and executive branches.
The group that decides cases based on the framers and congress when the law was written would be exercising Judicial restraint or activism?
juditial restraint
Who was the president behind the “court packing plan”?
FDR
“The most liberal court ever” was what
the warren court
Which of the following government systems is based upon a SHARED separation of power?
federalism
Which government system was the articles of confederation under?
confederacy
Who is best known for the creation of scientific polls?
gallop and pew
What are the different types of government SYSTEMS?
federalism, confederacy, unitary system
n Shaw v. Reno (1993) the U.S. Supreme Court held that ______________
racial jerrymandering was unlawful under the 14th ammendment
Revenue bills MUST be introduced in which house of congress?
house of representatives
A totalitarian dictatorship is which of the major types of government?
unitary system
what is individualism
protecting the rights of the individual
what is collectivism
collectivism- whats best for te public good
The Great Depression shifted public support toward which political party?
democratic party
How can a filibuster be ended?
a cloture which is a vote of 2/3 of the senate
According to the Constitution, how can a bill become a law without the president’s signature?
2/3 signature in both senate and house of rep
Marbury v. Madison Established what?
created judicail review
Which form of government is the central government too weak?
confederacy
What is classical liberalism?
people stress individual rights. inpired by christianinty and judism
What are the 3 requirements to be president of the united states?
us citizen for 15 years, naturalborn citizen, 35 years old
What does the Twenty-second Amendment do?
prohibits
presidents from being elected more than twice,
The constitutional duty of the Vice President is to
vice president becomes
president in the office if the president becomes vacantn and to cast tie breaking votes
Temporary committees appointed for the specific purpose of investigating a particular issue are called
select/ special committees
What president was behind the “little rock 9” executive order?
dwight d eisenhower
According to the constitution, how many times does a president have to give a state of the union address?
once a year
Removal of the president from office requires what percentage of votes from congress?
a 2/3 vote of senate
What is an executive order?
they are not legsilation and therefore congress ncannot overturn them.
When a senator speaks with no intention of stopping, it is called a _________
filibuster
This type of committee reconciles differences between House and Senate bills before they are sent to the president for signing
joint commitee
What is a typical margin of error in a political poll?
plus or minus 3 percent
Which president used the radio to explain programs to the American people (fireside chats)?
FDR
Thurgood Marshall argued which case before the supreme court?
brown v board of education
Which court heard the case “Roe v. Wade”?
the burger court(more conservative)
Who is the current supreme court chief justice today?
john roberts
Which supreme court case established Judicial Review?
marbury v madison
“The authority of the courts to hear certain cases” is the definition of which of the following?
jurisdiction
Judicial activism tends to be utilized by which political party?
democratic party
“Federal courts created by congress under article III” are called….
consititutional courts
Who controls how many people sit in the supreme court?
the president
What is the number of electoral votes needed to win the presidency?
270
Which supreme court case established the right to an attorney if you cannot afford one?
gideon vs weignright
Dred Scott v. Sandford decided what?
ruled that african americans were not citizens of the US
Where (which supreme court justice) do we get the ideology for the supreme court we have today
william reinquest and john roberts
What was the Supreme Court’s decision in Marbury v. Madison
in favor of marbury, gave the Supreme Court the power to declare a congressional act unconstitutional.(judicial review)
what is an autocracy
rule by one person
what is an oligarcy
rule by few people
new jersey plan
equal representation in states
virginia plan
population based representation
conneticut comprimise
combination of new jersey and plan and virginia plan
checks and balance system does what
divides powers in the gov into executive, judicial and legislasive branches
def of political socialization
the proccess by which a person gains his or her political views
what 6 events caused americans to loose respect for the government
assassination of nixon
assassination of mlk
resignation of pres nixon
watergate scandal
civil rights movement
vietnam war
most conmon form of polls
straw polls
most accurate form of polls
scientific polls
stability
how likely an opinion is to change
intensity
how strongly someone holds to an opinion
relevance
how important is the opinion to the person who holds it
what is another name for sensational journalism
yellow journalism
3 major national TV networks that dominated early TV news
ABC, CBS, NBC
house of representatives def
directly elected by the eligible ovters in distroicts who are close to the poeple
how long are house of rep terms
2 years
requirements to be in the house of rep
25 years of age, a resident of his state and must be a us citizen for 7 years
senate def
senators are more insulated from the public, add stability to the legislative branch
how long are senators terms
6 years, 1/3 of them are up for reelection every 2 years
requirements to be senator
30 years old, us citizen for 9 years
what is congress responsible for
writing the laws of the nation
gerrymandering
drawing congressional districts to favor one political party or group over another
incumbency effect
tendancy of those already holding office to win reelection
incumbency effect
tendancy of those already holding office to win reelection
the incumbency effect tends to be stronger for
members of house of rep
how do whips help floor leaders in house of rep
by directing party members in voting, informing members of impeding voting, keeping track of vote counts, and pressuring members to vote with the party
who controls the leadership positions of congress
majority political party in each house
who is the most powerful member of the house of rep
the speaker of the house
who serves as the assistant to the speaker of the house of rep
majority leader
minority leader of house of rep
major spokesperson for the minority party and organizes opposition to the majority party
most influential member of the senate and often the majority partyspokes person
majority leader
minority floor leader of the senate
major spokesperson for the minority party and organizes opposition to the majority party
standing committees
most of the work is done in these types. permanent and divided by policy area.
joint committees
contain members of both house and senate. they help party leaders by speeding things along in the legislative process
select/special committees
temporary body called upon to investigate an issue in response to a crisis or scandal
what commitee serves as the traffic cop of legislation and controls who speaks
house rules committee
what are the two most exclusive commitees where people can only serve for one at a time
the appropriations com, and the ways and means commitee
commitee that makes a recommendation regarding presidential judicial appointments. they are involved with the vetting of potential judges including supreme court nominees
senate judiciary committee
power granted to congress in article 1 section 8 of constitution
expressed powers
powers reasonaply suggested to carry out the expressed powers in article 1 section 8 clause 18
implied powers
powers denied by congress in article 1 section 9
limitations on powers
what house has the power to filibuster
the senate
what commitee is called upon to finalize the bills and in identical form in both the house and the senate
conference com
which house does the house rules commitee operate in
the house of representatives
what part of the constitution deals with expressed and implied poiwers
article 1
what does a signing statement do
explain the presidents interpritation of a bill in simpler terms
who were the two suprememe court justices obama nominated
sonia sotomayer(first latino justice), and elena kagen
Which party is affiliated with Judicial restraint? Which one
is for Judicial Activism?
restraint- conservative
activism- democratic
What are the 3 types of opinions that can be written in a
supreme court case?
majority, concuring, decenting
what is the rule of 4
4 justices must agree to take a case
How does someone become a supreme court justice? (2
steps)
the president nominates them or
What kind of jurisdiction does the supreme court have?
both original and appellate
jurisdiction.
how many people are on the supreme court today
9 people
brown v board of education established what
segregation in public schools
unconstitutional.
cheif justice william rehnquist did what to fight against abortion within the conservative court
continued to limit, but not reverse, decisions of the earlier more liberal courts in the areas of defendants’ rights, abortion, and affirmitive action
The vice president becomes the president after the president dies because of what amendment
25th amenment
which of the following is a judicial power that is given to the presiden
1establish the jurisdition of federal courts
2 nominate rederal judges
nominate federal judges
all of the following is true about the house of rep except
1) elected by the people
2) serve for 6 year terms
3) more connected witht the people
serve for 6 year terms
tucker carelson is a good example of which of the following
opinion leader
the president conducts foreign policy and the spokes person what is this describing
cheif diplomat
what is the purpose of the judicial branch
to interpret the law
miranda vs arizona established what
that you have the right to remian silent
