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Prophets > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

Division of the Bible

A

Mentioned in Sirach

Torah (law)
Nebi’im (prophets)
Ketubim (writings)

TaNaK

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2
Q

Difference in order of Hebrew Bible and LXX

A

Hebrew:
TaNaK = Torah, prophets, writings
organized based on figure of Moses, prophets follow him

LXX:
Prophets at the end
Moving prophets to the end bases them more in the light of Christ

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3
Q

Anterior (former) Prophets

A

Joshua, Judges, 1+2 Samuel, 1+2 Kings

1150BC - 750BC

Nothing is known of these outside of the biblical accounts
Written years after they lived

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4
Q

Posterior (latter) Prophets

A

MAJOR
Isiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel,

MINOR
and the “Twelve” (Amos, Hosea, Micah, Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi, Jonah, Joel, Obadiah)

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5
Q

Amos

A

SOCIAL INJUSTICE

Golden Age of Prophecy in Israel
760BC

First “latter prophet”
From the south, went north but wasn’t welcomed.
Criticized the social injustices

Structure:
JUDGEMENT is key to this book (for social injustice)
Begins with chronological info that situates the book
Uses image of “roaring lion” for God to imply something terrible coming
Conclusion is surprisingly positive compared to the rest of the book

Exegesis Amos 1:1
“Word of AMOS” not word of the Lord

Exegesis Amos 1:3-2:16
Oracles Against the Nations
-8 oracles against nations/cities getting more severe

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6
Q

Hosea

A

SPOUSAL IMAGE

Golden Age of Prophecy in Israel
750-725BC

Difficult due to language and style

From the north
Spoke of problems worshipping other gods/infidelity
SPOUSAL IMAGE of God and his people
His themes influenced Deuteronomy
Religious corruption of Israel
-condemns priests/people/cult of idolatry

Exegesis: 11:1-11
Paternal/Maternal Love of God
-Switch from spousal image to paternal image

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7
Q

Isaiah

A

Golden Age of Prophecy in Israel
740-700BC

Most quoted and researched prophet in OT

Contemporary of Hosea
From Jerusalem
Cultured man from good family
During Syro-Efraimite war denounced allying with Syria
Look to the Lord not to allies

2 scrolls found in Qumran, one complete copy and one partial, around 150BC

Spans from Pre-exile, during, and post-exile

Single authorship is challeneged
Accepted today:
3 parts
- Proto-Isaiah (from Isaiah’s preaching- “impending doom”)
- Deutero-Isaiah (“book of consolation” written anonymously during exile. Motif of Exodus)
- trito-Isaiah (After exile-more anonymous authors)

Throughout:
“The Holy One of Israel”

Exegesis 5:1-7 (proto- Isaiah)
Poem about vineyard
Poetic language makes it difficult to determine what it is trying to convey, ambiguous

Exegesis 49:1-6 (deutero- Isaiah)
Suffering Servant

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8
Q

Micah

A

VIOLENT CRITIQUE OF THE RICH

Last prophet in “Golden Age of Prophecy in Israel”
700BC

From the south
Humble beginnings, did not like city life
Engaged in social criticism like Amos - social injustice
Violent critique against the rich
First 3 chapters=nucleus
Disciples wrote the rest of the book

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9
Q

Jeremiah

A

627-587BC (reign of Josiah)

Fought to establish credibility as prophet in an age of false prophets

  • Infidelity to the God of Israel
  • Critique of political issues
  • Critique of false prophets

in Judah

Content:

  1. Poetry with narrative- 1st person
    confessions: personal testimony of suffering during ministry (could be biographical, or connecting the psalms)
  2. Stories about Jeremiah - 3rd person
  3. Prophetic speeches - different style

Chapter 30-31 “Book of Consolation” ray of hope against gloomy rest

Greek LXX translation actually shortened it

Exegesis 15:10-21
One of the “Confessions”
Unsure if it is biographical or just influenced by the psalms
The info is very personal

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10
Q

Zephaniah

A

AGAINST PAGAN WORSHIP

aiding reforms of King Josiah
in Judah

Begins with genealogy=unusual

THE DAY OF THE LORD is coming

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11
Q

Nahum

A

FALL OF NINEVEH

Writing after fall of Jerusalem
in Judah

“Nahum” = consolation or comforter
Accused of being false prophet

FALL OF NINEVEH

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12
Q

Habakkuk

A

WHY, GOD?

One of the shortest books in the bible

in Judah

“The just will live by faith”

GOD’S JUSTICE IN HISTORY

Wrote book of protests at high point of Babylonian empire
Brought complaints and questions God himself

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13
Q

Ezekiel

A

FALL AND EXILE

Prophet of the Exile
593 BC in Babylon

Warns of the fall of the southern Kingdom

Structure

  1. Threats - before Jerusalem’s fall
  2. Oracles against foreign nations (Egypt, Edom)
  3. Positive tone (renewal of the people)
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14
Q

Obadiah

A

AGAINST EDOM

Prophet of the Exile
586BC

12 verses long

Oracles against Edom, Israel’s enemy during Exile

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15
Q

Haggai

A

REBUILD TEMPLE

Post Exile Prophet

Only 2 Chapters
Rarely used in the Liturgy

Haggai = “Joy” in Hebrew
Part of first group of returned exiles
Promoted construction of the Temple

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16
Q

Malachi

A

“messenger” COMING OF ELIJAH

Post Exile Prophet

“The last prophet”
Rabbis claim that at his death the prophetic spirit left Israel

Less hopeful tone than Haggai and Zechariah
“Do not lose heart and return to old sins”

17
Q

Joel

A

DAY OF THE LORD
universal judgement

Post Exile Prophet

  • “The day of the Lord”
  • Calamity of grasshoppers
18
Q

Jonah

A

NARRATIVE DRAMA

Post Exile Prophet
200BC

Narrative drama, not collection of oracles
Only prophet presented negatively since he does the opposite of what God commands

19
Q

Zachariah

A

REBUILD TEMPLE
contemporary of Haggai

Post Exile Prophet

Proto + Deutero
Author of Proto (ch1-8)

Proto:
Series of 8 visions explained by an angel. Consoling visions

Deutero:
Called very obscure by St. Jerome
Anonymous author

20
Q

Daniel

A

Apocalyptic Work

Exhorts jews of the diaspora to remain faithful

Ch 1-6

  • Stories about Daniel and companions, 3rd person narrative style
  • 3 Hebrew youths w/ King Nebuchadnezzar
  • King’s dream
  • Lion’s den

Daniel 7-12
-Apocalyptic visions

21
Q

Apocalyptic Literature

A

Greek “to reveal”
NT - Revelation
OT - Daniel

Outside Bible:
Enoch, Esdra, Abraham

It is a story

22
Q

Miriam

A

Liturgical role?
Honorable title?

Older sister who was to prepare the way for Moses

23
Q

Debora

A

Only female Judge in Judges

24
Q

Hulda

A

Only woman who says “Thus says the Lord”

Declared found document in the temple to be true

25
Q

Noadia

A

Only mentioned by name as being against reform, Probably false prophet

Prophets (1 decks)

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