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Fundamentals of Nursing > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ventilation?

A

movement of air in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

What is respiration?

A

oxygen exchange

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3
Q 
Which diagnostic test/exam would best measure a client’s level of hypoxemia?
A.	Chest x-ray
B.	Pulse oximeter reading
C.	ABG
D.	Peak expiratory flow rate
A

C. ABG

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4
Q

The term “Kussmaul” refers to a high-pitched, harsh, crowing inspiratory sound that occurs due to partial obstruction of the larynx.
A. True
B. False

A

false. it is “stridor”

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5
Q

What are the arterial blood gases?

A

PO2 and PCO2

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6
Q

What are 3 interventions for optimal oxygenation?

A

mechanical ventilator
chest tube drainage
respiratory meds

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7
Q

You are observing your patient use the incentive spirometry. What demonstration by the patient lets you know the patient understands how to use the device properly?

a. The patient inhales slowly on the device and maintains the flow indicator between 600 to 900 level
b. The patient blows on the mouthpiece rapidly.
c. The patient uses the incentive spirometry once a day
d. The patient rapidly inhales on the devices and exhales

A

a. The patient inhales slowly on the device and maintains the flow indicator between 600 to 900 level

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8
Q

What does an incentive spirometer do?

A

promote lung expansion

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9
Q

In caring for a client with a tracheostomy, the nurse would give priority to the nursing diagnosis of
A. Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance
B. Anxiety Related to Suctioning
C. Social Isolation Related to Altered Body Image
D. Impaired Tissue Integrity

A

A. Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance

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10
Q

What are 3 examples of oxygen therapy?

A

cannula, masks, transtracheal catheter

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11
Q

What is the cardiac cycle?

A

contraction of the two atria and ventricles

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12
Q

What is electrical conduction?

A

electrical activity that imitates contraction of the myocardium

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13
Q

What is the SA node?

A

pacemaker of the heart

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14
Q

What do arteries do in the cardiovascular system?

A

bring oxygenated blood to tissues

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15
Q

What do veins do in the cardiovascular system?

A

bring deoxygenated blood back to the heart/lungs

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16
Q

What do the brain stem centers do in the cardiovascular system?

A

regulate cardiac function and blood pressure

17
Q

What are 4 factors that influence cardiac function?

A

lifestyle, heredity, diet, exercise, obesity, stress

18
Q

Why are cardiac issues more frequent in older adults?

A

ticker and more rigid valves, decreased myocardial strength, lower exercise tolerance

19
Q

What is an example of an oxygen transport abnormality?

A

anemia

20
Q

When doing a cardiovascular assessment what 4 things do you assess in a physical exam?

A

pain, fatigue, dyspnea, peripheral circulation

21
Q

In caring for a client with a blockage of the coronary arteries, the nurse would give priority to the nursing diagnosis of
A. Risk for Ineffective Airway Clearance
B. Anxiety Related to Suctioning
C. Social Isolation Related to Altered Body Image
D. Decreased Cardiac Output

A

D. Decreased Cardiac Output

22
Q

What is normal fluid output for urine a day?

A

1,500 mL/day

23
Q

What is normal fluid intake for urine a day?

A

2,700mL-3,500mL

24
Q

What are signs of dehydration?

A

dry skin, badb skin turgor, decreased urine output, hypotension, tachycardia

25
Q

What is an example of fluid volume excess?

A

hypervolemia

26
Q

What is sodium?

A

extracellular fluid that regulates fluid volume

27
Q

What is potassium?

A

intracellular fluid that deal with muscle contraction and cardiac conduction

28
Q

What is calcium?

A

electrolyte that contributes to bone health, neuromuscular function, and cardiac function

29
Q

What does calcium insufficiency lead to?

A

osteoporosis

30
Q

What is magnesium?

A

electrolyte that helps with many cellular functions

31
Q 
The nurse is administering a blood transfusion to a patient in shock. After 30 minutes the patient spikes a fever and reports chest pain. The blood pressure falls suddenly and she becomes tachycardic. What type of reaction is this patient experiencing?
	A.	Allergic
	B.	Febrile
	C.	Hemolytic
	D.	Circulatory Overload
A

C. Hemolytic

32
Q

What is an acid?

A

a compound that contains hydrogen ions

33
Q

What is a base?

A

a compound that accepts hydrogen ions

34
Q

What is acidosis?

A

serum pH below 7.35

35
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

serum pH above 7.45

Fundamentals of Nursing (5 decks)

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