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soc100 > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

what is sex category

A

external and visible signs that we use to categorise a person into a sex.

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2
Q

what is gender

A

attitudes and behaviours we associate with masculinity, femininity and others

not born with. It is how we act. eg. Acting like a man

Done to fit in with society. evidence of this is how gender expression looks natural

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3
Q

what is the spectrum of opinions on gender

A

spectrum between the idea that gender arises from biology or social construction

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4
Q

what is feminism and what differentiates the different types

A

fighting inequality against women in different contexts.

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5
Q

what is liberal feminism

A

fighting inequality against women by placing more women in power.

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6
Q

what is radical feminism

A

fighting inequality against women by arguing that all social systems (eg. governments, laws, companies, capitalism) themselves are a male based systems and thus create inequality.

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7
Q

what is eco feminism

A

fighting inequality against women by arguing that there is a parallel between the mistreatment of women and the environment.

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8
Q

what movement paved the way for more discussion on gender

A

feminism movement

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9
Q

what is primary socialization

A

socialisation by parents

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10
Q

what is secondary socialization

A

socialisations by others

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11
Q

what is institutionalised frameworks for gender

A

boys schools, girls sports. etc

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12
Q

why are genders reinforced

A

to serve the purpose of institutions (military, sports)

to make money
(gendered services, products)

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13
Q

which gender has its characteristic more closely guarded

A

men

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14
Q

what is gender stratification

A

how people are channeled into unequal life situations based on gender.

Eg. men soldiers, women homemakers

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15
Q

according to sociology, which is the most concerning factor to sexism.

A

structural or institutionalised sexism

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16
Q

what is the glass ceiling in terms of sexism

A

invisible barriers against women’s promotion into corporate and public sectors

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17
Q

what are some common factors that lead to gender stratification

A

patriarchy and sexism
gender roles
gender stereotypes
institutional discrimination

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18
Q

how does gender stratification also hurt men in the current job market

A

male dominated jobs are on a decline. This increases male unemployment. they often do not look for more traditionally female dominated jobs.

19
Q

what is deviance

A

any action, condition or belief that violates societal norms are usually punished, looked down upon

20
Q

what is crime

A

deviant actions that violate criminal laws of society. These actions are punishable

21
Q

how is deviance socially constructed

A

deviance is the misalignment with society. This means that deviant actions depend on specific societies and contexts

22
Q

what is Durkheim’s social constructionist view on crime

A

crime is anything that shocks the collective conscience

crime plays an important role in society because it questions and defines societal beliefs and values

23
Q

what is Marx’s conflict theory view on crime

A

law reflects the interests of the dominant

law is defined in a way that benefits and protects its creators. eg. the rich

harm is a better concept than crime

24
Q

what is the strain theory on crime

A

lack of balance between cultural goals and access to the means of achieving those goals

25
Q

according to merton’s deviance typology what does conformity mean

A

accepting cultural goals and institutionalised means

26
Q

according to merton’s deviance typology what does innovation mean

A

accepting cultural goals and rejecting institutionalised means

27
Q

according to merton’s deviance typology what does ritualism mean

A

rejecting cultural goals and accepting institutionalised means

28
Q

according to merton’s deviance typology what does retreatism mean

A

rejecting cultural goals and institutionalised means

29
Q

according to merton’s deviance typology what does rebellion mean

A

new goals and new means

30
Q

what is labelling theory

A

deviance is an activity that is internalised from interactions from others. nothing really is deviant. it is a social construct.w

31
Q

what is the difference between primary and secondary deviance

A

primary is a violation that does not cause long term consequences
secondary is when a person internalises the label

32
Q

what is differential association

A

association with deviant groups can lead to learned criminal behaviour

33
Q

why would lack of social bonds and self control lead to deviance

A

social bonds and discipline can prevent deviant behaviour

34
Q

what is criminalised masculinities

A

masculinity performances become more criminal when there is an increase in police presence

35
Q

what are the 3 types of death

A

biological, social, economic

36
Q

what are four common attitudes towards death

A

denial, fate, risk, acceptance

37
Q

what are the 4 aspects of social management of death

A

the process of dying
corpse
disposal of corpse
funeral, remembrance

38
Q

what is culture

A

socially transmitted social practices and knowledge systems

things that we do or think that differentiates groups of people from others.

allow adaptation to social environment

39
Q

what are the 2 ideas of culture

A

all pervasive way of life

toolbox

40
Q

describe the all pervasive way of life understanding of culture

A

culture is a set of generalisations about a group of people. It assumes that all individuals belonging to the culture are unitary and consistent.

41
Q

describe the toolbox understanding of culture

A

culture is a dynamic personal and externally set of ideas. much more nuanced than just a generalization

42
Q

what is embodied cultural capital

A

outward appearances shaped by class, locality, culture.

43
Q

what are the 2 theories on the origins of inequality

A

nature and biology
-inequality is innate and natural part of life

society and social relations
-inequality is unjust and unnecessary

44
Q

what is the precariat

A

people with unstable income or employment

soc100 (1 decks)

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