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KRLS207 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

what is NMES

A

a way to generate contractions for people who have a reduced ability to voluntarily contract skeletal muscle by using electrodes placed on the skin

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2
Q

What is the difference between NMES and FES

A

NMES is anytime stimulation is applied for the purpose of improving muscle quality or function

FES is when stimulation is used to assist a functional movement

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3
Q

How does NMES create smooth contractions

A

summation of small twitches

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of NMES (5)

A

not everyone can use it
no muscle recruitment specificity
power source required
random muscle fibre recruitment
shaving stimulation surfaces required

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5
Q

Who cannot use NMES

A

SCI injuries below t12-l1
-this is because the spine down there is the caudal equine which is no longer whole neurone and is just axons. If they are damaged they will die which removes the nerves that NMES uses to activated muscles.

SCI injuries above t6
- can trigger autonomic dysreflexia. This means that NMES can cause an episode of high BP from sympathetic hyperactivity.
-irregular sign is reduced heart rate

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6
Q

what is the difference between the terms ‘deaf’ and ‘Deaf’

A

deaf is a medical perspective term that implies that deaf people are not as available.

Deaf is a cultural perspective term that implies Deaf people and sign language are just as capable.

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7
Q

what are common obstacles for Deaf people in sport (7)

A

excessive background noise
distance from person speaking
reverberation
low confidence
mental health issues
difficulty understanding others
social issues

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8
Q

what are some examples of assistive hearing devices (4)

A

hearing aids
bone anchored hearing aid
cochlear implants
FM systems

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9
Q

what do assistive hearing devices do

A

amplify and enhance speech
louder not clearer

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10
Q

What is Deaf Gain

A

a shift away from the pathological focus and towards the idea that Deaf people are valuable and have potential to contribute to the greater good of humanity

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11
Q

what is ocularcentrism

A

valuing of vision over other senses in western cultures

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12
Q

What was the Soundscape documentary about

A

it was about a visually impaired man who climbs mountains. It emphasises the point that people with visual impairments can still enjoy activities and experiences the same way an unimpaired person can. While they may experience it in a different way, it is still just as meaningful and important.

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13
Q

what is visual acuity

A

central vision. usually expressed in a x/20 scale. ex. 20/20
some common problems involving visual acuity is myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism

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14
Q

what is visual field

A

peripheral vision

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15
Q

what is macular degeneration>

A

the breakdown of the macula. This affects the central field of vision.
risk factors: ageing, smoking and heredity

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16
Q

what is glaucoma

A

fluid pressure on the optic nerve reduces peripheral vision.
risk factors: age, heredity

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17
Q

what is cataracts

A

clouding of the lens due to chemical change in lens
risk factors: ageing, medication, heredity

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18
Q

what is diabetic retinopathy

A

damage to retina from diabetes and blood sugar levels

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19
Q

what are the factors influencing physical activity participation for people with visual impairments (4)

A

age of onset
acquired or congenital
communication methods
sporting opportunities

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20
Q

what is the cultural language model term for people who have undergone an amputation

A

amputee

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21
Q

after an amputation, what is the name of the part of the limb left after?

A

stump (casual), residual limb (medical term)

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22
Q

what is the goal in an amputation surgery?

A

a balance between post surgery healing and prosthetic fitting

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23
Q

what conditions commonly lead to amputation (6)

A

trauma, tumors, infection, peripheral vascular disease (most common), diabetic neuropathy (indirect), congenital defects

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24
Q

what are some pain related concerns after amputation (3)

A

residual limb pain (related to bone growth, prosthetic use and nerve issues- neuroma) , back pain, phantom limb pain.

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25
Q

what are some skin problems after amputations (3)

A

erosion/abrasion/blisters, ulcerations, skin infections

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26
Q

what are some non skin or pain related problems after amputations (5)

A

circulatory disturbances, local osteopenia, muscle atrophy, edema, psychological and social adjustment

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27
Q

can poorly fit or made prothesis be dangerous?

A

yes

28
Q

what prothesis do the government provide?

A

only walking and not just for recreational

29
Q

regular prothesis should be replaced once every __________

A

2 years

30
Q

why do prothesis need to be replaced

A

changing fit from stump atrophy, hypertrophy

31
Q

what surgical procedure can assist the use of prosthetics on heavily damaged limbs

A

skin grafts

32
Q

what items can be used to reduce friction between limb and prosthetic that can cause blisters and ulcers

A

lotion, glidewear, liners

33
Q

what are some challenges with an amputation

A

revision surgeries
wheelchair recovery
injuries and pain
psychological and emotional issues

34
Q

who are the primary demographic diagnosed with MS

A

women from wealthier nations

35
Q

what age does MS usually get diagnosed

A

20-40

36
Q

what does MS stand for

A

multiple sclerosis

37
Q

what is MS

A

it is an auto immune disease targeting the myelin and oligodendrocytes of the CNS.

this delays and sometimes obstructs signals. Eventually the axons will die.

38
Q

What does Relapsing mean for MS

A

symptoms worsen and new symptoms occur

39
Q

what does remissive mean for MS

A

MS symptoms recede and remylination may occur.

40
Q

what does progressive mean for MS

A

symptoms worsen and arise over time

41
Q

what is RRMS

A

the most common type of MS initially diagnosed. relapses and remission periods

42
Q

what is PPMS

A

Primary progressive MS
-just progressive. no remissions

43
Q

what is SPMS

A

when a RRMS transitions to progressive. this is the end state for most people with MS

44
Q

what is CIS MS

A

a single period of MS like symptoms

45
Q

how is autism diagnosed and medically defined

A

DSM 05 diagnostic criteria

46
Q

what are the parts of the DSM 05 criteria

A

persistent deficits in social communication and interaction in different contexts. Difficulty in fitting in social contexts.

restricted repetitive patterns of behaviours or interests

symptoms developed early in life

symptoms impair important areas of functioning

symptoms cannot be better explained by intellectual disability

47
Q

what are some issues with the DSM 05 criteria (3)

A

deficit based language puts down autistic people. (they can’t)

ignores internal experiences

autism appears differently in array of people.

48
Q

what is the neurodiversity framework

A

differences in brain function are just differences and not pathological.

Accepts them as valuable and not worse than the social norm.

49
Q

What is autistic masking

A

autistic people attempt to act as neurotypical. Rejecting how they feel to be socially acceptable.

Can be prompted by a history of negative social feedback.

Rejecting themselves reinforces the idea that the true self is unwanted. this is associated with mental health issues.

50
Q

what is the stigma around intellectual impairment

A

highly stigmatised

51
Q

what is intellectual impairment

A

neurodevelopment disorder

this involves imparments to

1) intellectual functioning
-general mental capability measured by IQ
- 70-75 or less

2) adaptive functioning
-life skills and everyday activities
-conceptual, social, practical

3)developmental period
-head injuries before 18

52
Q

what are the four ways that intellectual impairment can be diagnosed

A

mild, moderate, severe, profound

53
Q

what is down syndrome

A

umbrella of developmental disability that includes physical and intellectual impairment.

54
Q

what is the preferred language for down syndrome

A

person first

55
Q

what causes majority of down syndrome

A

extra chromosome on the 21 pair

56
Q

what are some physical activity considerations for people with down syndrome

A

intellectual impairment
congenital heart disease
respiratory issue
endocrine issues
obesity
hearing loss
visal impairments
less muscle tone
poor postural control
joint laxity
atlantoaxial instability

57
Q

what is atlantoaxial instability

A

easy dislocation of the c1-c2. must be careful with high flexion activities. down syndrome

58
Q

what teaching strategies should be used with people with down syndrome

A

anything other than verbal.

visual supports can help illustrate sequences, instructions, rules and passage of time

59
Q

how should an adapted physical activity professional provide help

A

consult and be empathetic to the participant

60
Q

what are secret stories compared to sacred stories

A

what happens in practice vs what the theory is

61
Q

what are cover stories

A

stories fabricated to excuse behaviour

62
Q

why is vulnerability valuable and necessary in APA

A

exposes us to unexplored perspectives while questioning established ones which can drive innovation, change and creativity. Choosing to be vulnerable take courage

63
Q

what is the current attitude about vulnerability in APA

A

stigma against vulnerability is common.

64
Q

according to Amanda Ebert’s presentation, why is the distinction between friends or friendly important

A

proper management of professional relationships can assist in building strong relationships and avoiding unwanted ones

65
Q

what does being fucked either way refer to in Amanda Ebert’s presentation

A

moral discomfort

66
Q

how should moral discomfort be confronted

A

talk about it and sit with it. Act based on it

KRLS207 (1 decks)

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