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Z-Medical Imaging > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

separated from shaft by epiphyseal growth plate

A

Epiphysis in long bones

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2
Q

forms a protrusion from the growth plate

A

Apophysis:

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3
Q

separates the diaphysis and physis (epiphyseal growth plate)

A

Metaphysis:

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4
Q

Ultrasound Sonography is a procedure which:

A

Uses a transducer or probe to generate sound waves and produce pictures of the body’s internal structures.

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5
Q

When performing bedside assessment of the lungs for a pneumothorax , an ultrasound sonograph is more accurate modality to determine a pneumothorax, with a greater sensitivity than a bedside chest x-ray.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Ultrasound sonography of the shoulder may be used to assess the following pathologies (except):

A

Gleno-humeral ligaments

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7
Q

FAST: Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma is used to

A

Find free fluid (usually blood) in the pericardial, pleural, or intraperitoneal spaces.

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8
Q

An Intima-media thickness of _____ is a positive marker for subclinical atherosclerosis.

A

≥ 0.9mm

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9
Q

Ultrasound imaging of the fetal nuchal translucency provides information regarding…

A

fetal chromosomal abnormalities if the thickness is equal or greater than 3 mm

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10
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification which describes a break in the bone that moves through the metaphysis and epiphysis is…

A

Type IV

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11
Q

Salter-Harris Fracture Classification

A
  1. Straight across
  2. Above
  3. L- BeLow/ LOWER
  4. Through
  5. Erasure
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12
Q

In normal bone healing from a fracture, soft callus formation occurs during…

A

2 to 6 weeks, post injury date

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13
Q

2-6 weeks= soft callus formation
(why surgeons do 2,4,6 week follow ups)
6 weeks- 3 months= hard callus formation
-cast taken off at 8 weeks

A

2-6 weeks= soft callus formation
(why surgeons do 2,4,6 week follow ups)
6 weeks- 3 months= hard callus formation
-cast taken off at 8 weeks

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14
Q

FOOSH: FALL ON OUT STRETCHED HAND

A

FOOSH: FALL ON OUT STRETCHED HAND

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15
Q

2 types of FOOSH

A
  1. Collies
  2. Smith
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16
Q

Colle’s Fracture X-ray

A

Distal radius fracture with wrist in extension

Results in dorsal displacement

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17
Q

Smiths fracture

A

Distal radius / ulnar fracture with wrist in flexion

Results in palmar displacement

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18
Q

see picture

A

smiths fracture

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19
Q

Lis Franc Injury

A

One or more of the
metatarsal bones is displaced from the tarsus

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20
Q

Jones Fracture

A

a fracture of the bone on the pinky toe side of your foot, the fifth metatarsal bone

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21
Q

Which method of imaging will report findings for left atrium enlargement with a “bulge of the upper posterior heart boarder” on plain film?

A

CXR lateral

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22
Q

Chest X-ray (CXR) Plain Film evaulates

A

Cardiac position
* Cardiac size
* Specific cardiac chamber enlargement * Cardiac calcification
* Pulmonary vascular pattern
* Pulmonary edema
* Pleural effusion

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23
Q

CTR of ≥_______ for diagnosing congestive cardiomegaly

A

0.50

24
Q

Right atrium enlargment

A

Bulging right heart border

25
Q

Left atrium enlargment

A

Prominent left atrial appendage on left heart border
* Double outline of right heart border
* Splayed carina with elevation of the left main branch
* Bulge of the upper posterior heart border on lateral view

26
Q

Right ventricle enlargment

A

Elevatedcardiacapex
* Bulgingofanteriorupperpartofheartborderonlateralview

27
Q

Left ventricle enlargment

A

bulging of L lower cardiac border with depressed cardiac apex

28
Q

An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm that has a size of ______ requires referral to a vascular surgeon.

A

5.0 cm

29
Q

Echocardiography Indications

A

Cardiac function
*Systolic function: measure ejection
fraction
*Quantify stroke volume and cardiac
output
*Measure chamber volume and wall
thickness
*Diastolic function: measurement of left
ventricular “relaxation”
Congenital heart disease
* Diagnosis and quantification
of valvular disfunction
* Cardiac masses
* Pericardial effusion
* Aortic dissection
* Stress echocardiography: dx
regional wall motion abnormalities induced by exercise

30
Q

Cardiac Multidetector Computer Tomography (MDCT)

A

Image cardiac coronary
arteries during diastolic resting

31
Q

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMRI)

A

Quantify cardiac function
* Congenital heart disease:
complementary to echocardiograph
* Cardiac anatomy
* Myocardial viability
* Aortic dissection
* Cardiac masses
* Pericardial disease

32
Q

Abdominal aorta that is >3cm in diameter is considered abnormal

A

Abdominal aorta that is >3cm in diameter is considered abnormal

33
Q

Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) utilizes “____________________” to evaluate for peripheral vascular disease.

A

Ratio of systolic blood pressure at the ankle to brachial pulse

34
Q

All of the following symptoms are concerns for a Pulmonary Emboli, except this one answer.

A

Severe unilateral flank pain

35
Q

Right Upper Quadrant ultrasound imaging is used to evaluate…

A

galbladder pathology

36
Q

Computer Tomography is “gold standard” when evaluating for Placenta Previa.

A

FALSE

-placenta previa is imaged with ultrasound… you would never do CT on a pregnant woman

37
Q

Pulmonary Emboli CXR

A

*Positive imaging contains
* Pleural effusion
* Localized area of consolidation contacting the pleural surface
* (Or) possible collapse contacting the pleural surface

38
Q

Abdominal AXR

A

Suspected intestinal obstruction
*Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract
*Follow-up of urinary tract calculi
*Foreign bodies due to penetrating injuries

39
Q

Left Lower Quadrant Pain (LLQ)

A

DIVERTICULITIS

40
Q

First trimester US

A

Confirm live pregnancy
* Accurately assess dates
* Management of complications (e.G. Management of ectopic
pregnancy)

41
Q

Nuchal thickness US is done at

A

11-14 weeks

42
Q

Ultrasound Imaging of Uterine Fibroids will appear as

A

Masses of variable echogenicity in the smooth muscle of the uterus

43
Q
A
44
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding Urological Imaging?

A

US and CT are the primary methods of imaging

45
Q

+A DaT Scan is a…

A

SPECT Imaging to visualize dopamine transportto the striata for confirming thediagnosis of Parkinson’s, Multiple System Atrophy, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in patients with essential tremors.

46
Q

symptoms of brain tumor may include all of the following except

A

paralysis of the bladder

47
Q

which method of imaging combines anatomy and function to determine how the tumor is utilizing glucose

A

PET-CT scan

48
Q
A
49
Q
A

mailgnant

50
Q

T/F mammogram is excellent for women under 35

A

FALSE

51
Q

intraoccqular tumors can be seen with flash photography

A

especailly in kids

52
Q

in imagining of intraoccqular tumors…

A

MRI, unless contraindicated is necessary to evaluate the extent of tumor involvement, sizing, and staging

53
Q

T/F
Benin breast lumps tend to be mobile, well defines, with smooth margins

A

TRUE

54
Q

the FDA states that thermography

A

is not a replacement for screening mammography and continue to recommend getting a regular mammogram

55
Q

Generalized symptoms of a brain tumor may include all of the following, except

A

Paralysis of the bladder

Other CR:
Sensory changes
Myoclonic seizure
Nausea or vomiting
Personality or memory changes

56
Q

Which method of imaging combines anatomy and function to determine how the tumor is utilizing glucose?

A

PET-CT scan

57
Q

MRI T1 and T2

A

-T1 MRI
Short TE(<45ms)
Short TR(<2000ms)

Identifies anatomy
Fat is viewed as WHITE
H2O is viewed as BLACK

-T2 MRI
Long TE(>45ms)
Long TR(>2000ms)

Identifies pathologies
Fat is viewed as LIGHT GREY
H2O is viewed as WHITE
(In T2 with white water easier to visualize edema and swelling)

Z-Medical Imaging (2 decks)

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