Final Flashcards
Terrorism in the Middle East is the result of ___ ____
Historical Processes
the Middle East is a ___ ____
cultural concept
The Middle East is not an ___ ____
actual place
Extremists couch violence with ____
religion
What three men do militants cite when justifying violence?
ibn Tayymiyya, Abdul Wahhab, and Qutb
Terrorism is the result of cultural and religious factors interacting with what three factors?
the birth of modern Israel, completion for power within and among Arab states, and the rise of militant religious fervor
Iran presents a set of separate issues but where does its problems lie?
It’s problems can be linked to European imperialism
What is the modern conflict between Israel and Palestine based on?
terrorism
What organization imitated Irgun by using terrorist tactics, but the movement was not united?
Fatah
What was Fatah’s weakness
The movement was not united
What is Palestinian militancy characterized by?
factionalism
When did terrorism move to the international arena?
the 1980s
How many decades has terrorism remained localized?
Three
Currently, the three major operational terrorism groups
Hezbollah, Hamas, and al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades
Whose policies are controversial?
Israel
How do critics think Israelis react to terrorism?
They believe they overreact
How do defenders of Israel feel about their tactics?
They maintain strong tactics are necessary to counter terror
Revolutionary terrorists call for radical change in what?
either structure of government of the underlying political philosophy of governance
Revolutionary terrorism can be traced back to what century?
20th
What was the first act of revolutionary terrorism
Latin American, urban philosophy of Uruguay’s Tupamaros
Two groups inspired by the Tupamaros
FARC and ELN
FARC and ELN drifted into what to survive
drug trafficking
what does of MeK of Iran fight for?
Political dominance
Maoist revolutionaries mirror the revolutionary theories of whom?
the communist takeover in China
Who was a pioneer Maoist group
Peru’s Shining Path
Peru’s Shining Path inspired what three groups?
Communists in Nepal, India, and Philippines
What is counter revolutionary terrorism frequently based on?
the formation of illegal military and police units who torture and kill suspected terrorists and their supporters
What are the military and police units who torture and kill suspected terrorists and their supporters known as
Death squads
What jihadist terror networks spawned in the late stages of the Soviet-Afghan War
al Qaeda
Founder of al Qaeda
Osama Bin Laden
Who joined Osama Bin Laden to expand the group in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan in 1996
Egyptian Ayman al Zawahiri
Al Qaeda is what kind of group? Conducting large-scale attacks throughout the world
international umbrella group
What caused the change in al Qaeda’s nature?
A western military offensive in the wake of 9-11
What was the change in al Qaeda’s nature after 9-11
differing leaderships hubs and a more decentralized organization
There are different regional groups in various parts of the world under what organization?
al Qaeda
What group has lost many of its leaders due to American attacks in Pakistan?
al Qaeda
Al Qaeda remains active because of its franchised network and an alliance among who?
Pakistani and Afghan allies
The vast maze of law enforcement form a complex set of ____
bureaucracies
Bureaucracies mix with other governmental and private organizations to form what?
homeland security networks
What national debate complicates bureaucracy
national debates on immigration
What complicates bureaucracy
the large expanse of borders and ports of entry and the sheer size of the infrastructure
Homeland security will only work when…
law enforcement agencies share info in partnership with other governmental and private bureaucracies
bureaucracies can be efficient and effective but actions require
constant reviews to ensure that processes are achieving goals
Homeland security involves a variety of activities from all levels of whom?
government, law enforcement agencies, and the military
Preventing terrorism is the result of ___
gathering and analyzing information
Preventing terrorism is accomplished under 2 sets of laws
one guiding criminal intelligence and the other focuses on national security
Who has provided guidelines and standards for combing the intelligence process?
The NCISP
Where does the combing of the intelligence process take place?
Fusion centers
What is ever-changing, and because of this the intelligence process must always be reviewed and changed to meet new threat
Homeland security
U.S. terrorists differ from their international counterparts in what ways?
- Native born US terrorists tend to be older than international terrorists
- Foreign operatives working in the US are also older
In what way are right-wing and left-wing terrorists the same?
They finance themselves
Who do left-wing terrorists favor?
Carl Marx
In what way do left-wing terrorist favor Marxism?
They target economic status quo, base themselves in urban environments, and select symbolic targets of capitalism
Right-wing terrorists do not favor Marxism but are ___
very religious
Right-wing terrorists:
they support the economic system without supporting the distribution of wealth, base themselves in rural areas, and focus attacks on symbols of governmental authority
