Fetal/peds GU

Question 1

Hydronephrosis/hydroureter: summary of levels of obstruction

1.

Answer 1

1.

Question 2

Hydronephrosis/hydroureter: vesicoureteral reflux

1.

Answer 2

1.

Question 3

Hydronephrosis/hydroureter: duplex collecting system

1.

Answer 3

1.

Question 4

Hydronephrosis/hydroureter: UPJ obstruction

1.

Answer 4

1.

Question 5

Hydronephrosis/hydroureter: posterior urethral valves (bladder outlet obstruction)

1.

Answer 5

1.

Question 6

Hydronephrosis/hydroureter: prune belly syndrome

1.

Answer 6

1.

Question 7

Hydronephrosis/hydroureter: ureterocele (UVJ) obstruction

1.

Answer 7

1.

Question 8

Cystic renal lesions:

1. What is the most common cystic abdo mass in a neonate?

Answer 8

1. Hydronephrosis!

Question 9

Cystic renal lesions: multicystic dysplastic kidney

1.

Answer 9

1.

Question 10

Cystic renal lesions: simple renal cyst

1.

Answer 10

1.

Question 11

Cystic renal lesions: multilocular cystic nephroma

1.

Answer 11

1.

Question 12

Cystic renal lesions: ADPKD

1.

Answer 12

1.

Question 13

Cystic renal lesions: ARPKD

1.

Answer 13

1.

Question 14

Malignant solid renal masses: Wilms

1.

Answer 14

1.

Question 15

Malignant solid renal masses: DDx

1.

Answer 15

1.

Question 16

Malignant solid renal masses: RCC

1.

Answer 16

1.

Question 17

Malignant solid renal masses: rhabdoid tumour

1.

Answer 17

1.

Question 18

Malignant solid renal masses: clear cell sarcoma

1.

Answer 18

1.

Question 19

Malignant solid renal masses: renal mets

1.

Answer 19

1.

Question 20

Benign solid renal masses: mesoblastic nephroma

1.

Answer 20

1.

Question 21

Benign solid renal masses: nephroblastomatosis

1.

Answer 21

1.

Question 22

Benign solid renal masses: AML

1.

Answer 22

1.

Question 23

DDx multiple renal masses

1.

Answer 23

1.

Question 24

Confusing names: metanephric blastema vs. multilocular cystic nephroma:

1.

Answer 24

1.

Question 25

Adrenal masses: DDx

1.

Answer 25

1.

Question 26

Adrenal masses: neuroblastoma

1.

Answer 26

1.

Question 27

Adrenal masses: ganglioneuroma/ganglioneuroblastoma

1.

Answer 27

1.

Question 28

Adrenal masses: adrenal hemorrhage (in neonates)

1.

Answer 28

1.

Question 29

Adrenal masses: adrenal cortical carcinoma

1.

Answer 29

1.

Question 30

Cystic pelvic masses: either sex

1.

Answer 30

1.

Question 31

Cystic pelvic masses: girls only

1.

Answer 31

1.

Question 32

Cystic pelvic masses: boys only

1.

Answer 32

1.

Question 33

Solid pelvic masses: rhabdomyosarcoma

1.

Answer 33

1.

Question 34

Solid pelvic masses: sacrococcygeal teratoma

1.

Answer 34

1.

Question 35

Fetal GU: general

1.

Answer 35

1.

Question 36

Fetal GU: hydronephrosis, general

1.

Answer 36

1.

Question 37

Fetal GU: posterior urethral valves

1.

Answer 37

1.

Question 38

Fetal GU: ARPKD

1.

Answer 38

1.

Question 39

Fetal GU: multicystic dysplastic kidney

1.

Answer 39

1.

Question 40

Neonatal renal artery thrombosis:

1. What causes this?
   
   1. How?
2. Where do neonatal renal arteries drain?

Answer 40

1. Umbilical artery catheters.
   
   1. The cathether is thread up through one of the two umbilical arteries, through the internal iliac, common iliac and to the abdo Ao up to the thoracic Ao. The clot can form as it passes either of the renal arteries.
2. to the neonatal abdo Ao, through the internal iliacs to the umbilical arteries and to the placenta.

Question 41

What is the most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in kids?

Answer 41

UPJ obstruction.

Question 42

What is the most common heritable cystic renal disease in infancy/childhood?

Answer 42

• ARPKD
• Remember that the kidneys are bilaterally hyperechoic, without big cysts.
• They will have severe oligo in utero.
• Have congenital hepatic fibrosis +/- Carolis.