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M6 > Ferrous Metals > Flashcards

Ferrous Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What is density

A

Mass per unit volume Kg/m3

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2
Q

What is fatigue?

A

Cracks formed from cyclic loading

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3
Q

What is elasticity

A

Returning to original dimensions after stretching

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4
Q

What is the formula for strain

A

Extension/original length

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5
Q

What are the 3 stresses

A

Tensile, Compressive and Shear

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6
Q

What is combined stress

A

Tensile and shear together

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7
Q

What is brittleness

A

Tendency to snap without deformation

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8
Q

What is hardness

A

Resist wear or toughness

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9
Q

What is strength

A

Resistance to reform due to forces

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10
Q

What is ductility

A

Property of metal to withstand force over time

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11
Q

What is toughness

A

Resist suddenly applied loads

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12
Q

What is plasticity

A

Ability to retain shape from distortion it is the opposite of elasticity

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13
Q

What is the elastic limit

A

Maximum stress to which a meatier always may be subjected to and return to its original shape

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14
Q

What is yield strength

A

Maximum stress that can be applied to a material without deformation

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15
Q

What is steels main two alloying ingredients

A

Carbon and Iron

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16
Q

What is steel with more than 2% carbon called

A

Cast Iron

17
Q

What defines low medium and high carbon steels

A

Low 01-0.3% carbon
Medium 0.3-0.5% carbon
High 0.5 - 1.05 % carbon

18
Q

What does sulphur do to the steel

A

Decreases the ductility

19
Q

What does manganese do to steel

A

For strength and hardness but is less than carbon

20
Q

What is silicon used for

A

Deoxidising agent but can affect surface finishes

21
Q

What is Phosphorus used for in steel

A

Strength, Hardness and corrosion resistance at an expense of ductility

22
Q

What is nickel used for

A

Increase in hardness and impact strength

23
Q

What is chromium used for

A

Corrosion resistance and high temperature strength

24
Q

What does an AISI number consist of

A

Four digit code, first two will denote the steel steel and alloys, second is the percentage of carbon

Eg 1000 is plain carbon steel

25
Q

What does tempering do

A

Relieves internal stresses

It is reheated and cooled slowly to give strength

26
Q

What is hardening

A

For pure iron and low carbon steels

Heated to above critical temperature and cooled to specific times to get the metal hardness you need

27
Q

What is annealing

A

Softens and relieves internal stresses

Is heated to above it’s critical temperature and cooled very slowly in a hot furnace or in sand for example

28
Q

What is normalising

A

Relieves internal stresses is heated to above upper critical temperature and cooled at room temperature

29
Q

What is quenching

A

Cooling down the metal quickly using water, brine, oil or still air

Dictates speed of carbon precipitation

30
Q

What are the characteristics of Corrosion resistant steel (CRES)

A

It’s corrosion resistant
High strength
Tough material
Resistant to high temperature

3 groups

Austenitic
Ferritic
Martensitic

31
Q

What is Austenitic steel

A

Chromium and nickel alloy

Can be hardened by cold working

32
Q

What is ferritic cres

A

Very low carbon content
Cannot be hardened by heat
Relatively low strength
Excellent corrosion resistance

33
Q

What is Martenstic cred

A

High carbon content
Used in tubular applications
Least corrosion resistance

34
Q

What is hydrogen embrittlement

A

Ferrous and titanium alloys are affected

Hydrogen migrates to grain boundaries and combines with carbon to form methane which can lead to fractures forming

Can be relieved by baking at 375 degrees for 3 hours

35
Q

What are some non stainless steel surface protections

A 
Cadmium coating
Paint
Aluminium Spraying
Chromium plating 
Silver plating
36
Q

What is galvanic corrosion

A

Reaction between metals which are dissimilar

For example Magnesium and copper in presence of an electrolyte will corrode

37
Q

What are the methods of case hardening

A

Four methods

Carburising
Flame hardening
Induction hardening
Nitriding

38
Q

What are the 3 methods of carburising and what do they involve

A

Pack carburising- object is placed into carbon powder and heated to 900 degrees and quenched

Gas carburising- object is placed into basket in furnace and through which a suitable carbon rich gas is introduced

Liquid carburising- salts are usually based on sodium cyanide and a process is called cyanide hardening

39
Q

What does nitriding do

A

Provides a improved surface finish and is made by metals absorbing nitrogen

M6 (2 decks)

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