Feminism and crime

Question 1

Heidenson’s theory of double deviance

Answer 1

women are not only labelled as criminals, but as bad mothers as well

Question 2

3 levels of social control

Answer 2

home
work
public

Question 3

How are women controlled at home

Answer 3

through domestic work and childcare

Question 4

How are women controlled at work

Answer 4

They are unable to get top jobs, so they cant commit white collar crime

Question 5

how are women labelled in public

Answer 5

through the fear of negative labelling

Question 6

Eval. of double deviance

Answer 6

Pollak argued the appearance of low levels of female crime was due to them being treated more leniently by the CJS.

Question 7

Eval. of social control

Answer 7

It is outdated. gender roles are changing and we now see more in clubs, top jobs etc

Question 8

Walby

Answer 8

Argues that sociologists need to address the issue that women are increasingly becoming victims of SA

Question 9

What are crimes against women caused by?

Answer 9

A combination of gender inequalities across all agents of society, a matrix of inequality

Question 10

Examples of gender inequalities

Answer 10

• education focuses on telling girls to protect themselves
• women on a low income struggle to leave abusive partners alone for financial reasons
• in too many cases, rape is not convicted ( % of convictions has decreased in years)
• media sexualisation of women

Question 11

Walby evaluation

Answer 11

Holistic theory. It tries to look at the whole picture, which makes it difficult to find a solution

Question 12

Mcrobbie

Answer 12

Bedroom culture - girls face tougher social control as parents often dissuade their teenage daughters from going out in comparison to their teenage sons, as they are more at risk of danger. So they communicate and entertain themselves in their bedroom instead, leaving no opportunity for crime

Question 13

Mcrobbie Eval.

Answer 13

Outdated - Study based surrounding the 60s. girls can no longer be isolated in their rooms. Social media gives girls access to youth cultures

Question 14

Archer

Answer 14

Many young girls who typically feel marginalised in society, membership of gang culture can be empowering. Girls in gangs can be seen as ‘resisting traditional gender roles’

Question 15

Archer Eval.

Answer 15

• Surely girls are joining gangs for protection in deprived areas, not because they are empowered
• Based on secondary research - Archer relied on police and journalist’s accounts which may not be accurate

Question 16

Adler

Answer 16

Female crime has been increasing since the 50s , since women have become more liberated in society
liberation has created more female criminals, adn women adopting masc. characteristics as a means of fulfilling male social roles. EG Ladette

Question 17

Adler Eval.

Answer 17

Vicky Pryce would say more women are being sent to prison for shoplifting, this doesn’t suggest women are liberated