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Fellowship Exam > Fellowship Exam > Flashcards

Fellowship Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the second line TB drugs?

A

Fluroquinolones and injectibles

Fluoroquinolones - Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin

Injectibles - Kanamycin, amikacin, capreomycin, streptomycin

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2
Q

Oxidase and catalse rxns for Acinetobacter

A

Oxidase negative, catalase positive

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3
Q

What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for erlichiosis?

A

Erlichia chaffeensis, Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick), dogs and white tailed deer

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4
Q

Anaplasma reservoir?

A

Dogs, cats, sheep, cattle, goats

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5
Q

Erlichia vector?

A

lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum)

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6
Q

What are the first line TB drugs?

A

“RIPE” - Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol

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7
Q

Oxidase and catalse rxns for Psedudomonas aeruginosa

A

Oxidase positive, catalase positive

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8
Q

Oxidase and catalase rxns for Stenotrophomonas

A

Oxidase negative, catalase positive

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9
Q

Francisella rule out and refer procedures?

(Gram stain and plate growth, biochemicals)

A

GNCB, grows poorly on SB (needs cystine-BCYE), tiny colonies on CHOC (48hrs), NG on MAC

Oxidase (NEG), Catalase (Weak POS), Urease (NEG)

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10
Q

What are the differences between epidemic typhus and endemic typhus?

A

Epidemic typhus - Rikettsia prowazekii, tranmistted by lice (pediculus humanus), rash goes from trunk to extremities

Endemic typhus - Rikettsia typhi, tranmitted by rat flea, less severe rash?

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11
Q

Filarial nematodes with sheaths?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

Brugia malayi

Loa loa

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12
Q

Which fungi have resitance or elevated MICs to echinocandins?

A

Candida parapsilosis (high MICs)

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13
Q

Brucella rule out and refer procedures?

(Gram satin and plate growth, biochemicals)

A

Fastidious GNCB, grows slowly on SB, CHOC, MAC (48-72hrs), nonhemolytic

Oxidase (POS), Urease (POS), Motility (NEG)

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14
Q

Causative agent of elephantiasis?

A

Brugia malayi

Wuchereria bancrofti

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15
Q

Best drugs for treatmtn of M. chelonae?

A

Amikacin, clarithromycin, liezolid

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16
Q

What organism causes esosinphilia and seizures?

A

Tenia soluim (neurocysticercosis)

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17
Q

What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for Verruga Peruana?

A

bartonella bacilliformis, sand fly, likely rodents

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18
Q

Erlichia reservoir?

A

White tailed deer

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19
Q

Orangisms with intrinsic vancomycin resistance?

A

Pediococcus

Wiesella

Erysipelothrix

Enteroccous casselflavus and gallinarum

Lactobacillus

Leuconstoc

(C. innocuum)

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20
Q

Best drugs for treatment of M. abscessus?

A

Amikacin, clarithromycin

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21
Q

Name all the herpes virues and dieseses they cause

A

CMV - Congenital infection, pnemonitis, espohagitis, colitis, retitnitis in immunosuppresed patients, mono-like syndrome in healthy adults

EBV - Mono, EBV-associated lymphoma

HSV1 - vesicular lesions (cold sores)

HSV2 - vesicular lesions (genital sores)

VZV - varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles)

HHV6 - Roseola

HHV7 - Roseola

HHV8 - Kaposi’s sarcoma

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22
Q

Diseases that are immediately reportable (in MD)?

A

Anthrax

Arboviral infections (CHIKV, Dengue, WEE, EEE, WNV, Zika)

Brucella

Cholera

Diptheria

E. coli O157H7

Glanders (B. mallei)

Acute Hep A

Legionella

Measels

Meliodosis (B. pseudomallei)

Plague

Q fever

Rabies

SARS

STEC

Smallpox

TB

Tuleremia

Typhoid fever (S. typhi)

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23
Q

Gram negatives that are Oxidase negative (rather than positive)

A

Enterobacteriaceae (EXCEPT Plesiomonas)

Acintobacter

Stenotrophomonas

Bartonella

Francisella

Burkholderia gladiolii

Bordetella parapertussis

Bordetella holmseii

Pseudomonas luteola

Pseusdomonas oryzihabitans

Aggrigatibacter

Capnocytophaga (human)

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24
Q

What virus is associated with anemia?

A

Parvovirus B19, also causes “slapped cheek” rash

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25
Q

What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for epidemic relapsing fever?

A

Borrelia resurrentis, lice, humans

26
Q

Pasmodium species and their defining characteristics

A

P. falciparum - 36hr fever, ring forms only, multipy infected, applique, banana gametocytes, and RBC infected

P. ovale - 48 hr fever, young (big) RBCs infected, Schuffner’s dots, all stages, 8-12 schizonts, fimbriated edges, liver stage hypnozoties

P. vivax - 48 hr fever, young (big) RBCs infected, Schuffner’s dots, all stages, 12-24 schizonts, liver stage hypnozoties

P. malairae - 72 hr fever, old (small ) RBCs infected, band forms, daisy head 6-12 schizonts

P. knowelsei - 24 hr fever, looks life falcip early (rings, multiply infected), looks like malariae late (band forms)

27
Q

What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for trench fever?

A

Bartonella quintana, fleas (lice per CDC), humans

28
Q

Operculated Eggs (species)

A

Opisthorchis

Clonorchis

Diphyllobothirium latum

Paragonimus

Fasciola

Fasciolopsis

29
Q

what organism causes white piedra?

A

Trichosporon species

30
Q

What is the difference in rashes seen for RMSF and epidemic typhus?

A

RMSF = Rikettsia rikettsiae, rash from extremities to trunk, covers soles, palms, and face

Epidemic typhus = Rikettsia prowazeckii, rash from trunk to extermities, spares plams, soles, and face

31
Q

Oxidase and catalase rxns for Alcalcigenes faecalis

A

Oxidase positive, catalase postive

32
Q

Non-molecular methods to identify C. trachomatis

A

Direct DFA

Culture on McCoy cells, followed by DFA

33
Q

What organisms causes tinea versicolor?

A

Malassezia species (furfur)

34
Q
A

Clonorchis

(shouldered operculum and abopercular knob on bottom end)

35
Q
A
36
Q
A

Paragonimus westermani

37
Q

Gram negatives that are Catalse negative (rather than positive)

A

Bartonella

Capnocytophaga

Streptobacillus

H-CEKs

38
Q

Filarial nematodes with no sheath and nuclei in the tails? How to tell them apart?

A

Masonella

M. perstans (blunt tail)

M. streptocerca (crooked/curved tail)

39
Q
A

Trichinella spirallis

40
Q

Pasturella mutocida

(gram stain, agar growth, biochemicals)

A

GNCB, mucoid cols on SB and CHOC, NG on MAC, associated with dog and cat bites

Glucose fermenter, NLF

“COIN” - Catalse +, Oxidase +, Indole +, Nitrate +

41
Q

What organism causes black piedra?

A

Piedraia hortae (causes fungla infection of the hair and scalp)

42
Q

What is the principle of molecular detection of GC/CT?

A

Target caprute of RNA (CT) or DNA (gonn) with a specific DNA probe

Then TMA to convert RNA to DNA template, RNA pol then makes many more copies of RNA

Newly sythesized RNA then re-enters the TMA process and gets amplified again

Gnerates MANY copies, is more senstive, is isothermic

43
Q

Anaplasma vector?

A

Ixodes ticks

44
Q
A

Fasciola/Faciolopsis

45
Q

What diseases are caused by Archanobacterium hemolyticum?

A

Pharyngitis, and soft tissue infections

46
Q

How can you distingusih Staphyloccus saprophyticus from S. epidermidis?

A

S. saorphyticus is Novibiocin resistant

47
Q

Which fungi have primary resistance or evelvated MICs to azoles?

A

Candida krusei

Candida glabrata (high MICs)

48
Q

Aspergillus species

(colony morph and LCB morphology)

A

A. fumigatus - blue green col, uniserate philades on upper 2/3 of vesicle (good hair day)

A. niger - black col, large vesicle, biserate phialades all around vesicle

A. flavus - yellow/green col, rough/spiny conidiophore, uni and biserate phialdes cover entire vesicle (bad hair day)

A. terreus - cinnamon brown col, biserate and compact phialades on upper 1/2 of vesicle

49
Q

Burkholderia mallei rule out and refer procedures

(Gram stain and plate growth, biochemicals)

A

GNR slightly curved maybe CB irragularly arranged, grey cols at 24-48 hrs on SB, NG or small clear/light pink cols on MAC

Oxidase (NEG or Variable), TSI (No RXN), Motiliy (NEG)

50
Q
A

Erlichia/Anaplasma

51
Q

Organisms of the normal GU flora

A

Lactobacillus

Yeast

Anaerobes

Alpha strep

CoNS

Diptheroids

Neisseria (not gonoccous)

52
Q

Three Hemophilus species and their characteristics?

A

H. influnezae - GNCB, requires factors X (hemin) and V (NAD) to grow, gowth on CHOC only, Catalase +, Oxidase +, mouse-like odor

H. parainfluenzae - GNCB, requires only factor V (NAD) to grow, Catalse +, Oxidase +

H. hemolyticus - GNCB, requires factors X and V to grow, beta-hemolytic

53
Q

Features of Gemella

A

Gram positive cocci in pairs and chains, PYR pos, bile esculin negative, NaCl neg

54
Q

Diseases that are notifiable within one day (in MD)?

A

Babesia

Campy

Chlamydia/Gonnococcus

Cocci

CJD

Cryptosporidium/Cyclospora

Ananplasma/Erlichia

Giardia

HUS

Hep viriuses (not acute HepA)

Leprosy

Lyme

Malaria

Mumps

RMSF

Salmonella (non-typhoidal)

Shigella

Non-cholera Vibrio

Yersinia

55
Q

Which fungi have primary resistance of increased MICs to Amphotericin B?

A

C. lusitaniae

A. terreus

Scedosporium prolificans

Some Fusarium and Scedosporium apiospermum and C. auris

56
Q

Burkholderia pseudomallei rule out and refer procedures

(Gram stain and plate growth, biochemicals)

A

Thin GNR possibly bipolar, growth on SB and MAC in 24-48 hrs, cols smooth then become wrinkled

Oxidase (POS), TSI (No RXN, or slight oxidation (yellow slant)), Motility (POS)

57
Q

Which fungi do echinocandins have activity against?

A

Candida and Aspergillus

(though Vori is drug of drug of choice for Asp)

58
Q
A

diphyllobothrium latum

59
Q
A

Opisthorchis

60
Q

What is the organism, vector, and animal reservoir for lyme disease?

A

Borrleia burgdorferi, Ixodes scapularis tick, rodents and deer

61
Q

Best drugs for treatment of M. fortuitum?

A

Amikacin, Imipenem, Linezolid

62
Q

Corynebacterium jeikeium features

A

GPR, very small rod, aerobic growth

Catalase +, increased AR

Fellowship Exam (2 decks)

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