families - couples

Question 1

DDOL - Parsons

Answer 1

Parsons - roles r biologically pre-determined
husband = instrumental role - achieve success at work, provide financial support, breadwinner
wife = expressive role - primary socialisation of children, provide emotional support

Question 2

DDOL - Bott

Answer 2

Bott hypothesis:
segrated conjugal roles = activities of men + women r separate, clear differentation of tasks, leisure time spent apart
joint conjugal roles = tasks now equally allocated, leisure time spent together

Question 3

DDOL - Young + Willmont

Answer 3

study - Bethnal Green, East End London, 1950-70's
March of Progress View = trend developing in which women are becoming more equal in society
Symmetrical Families = joint roles in family becoming the norm + families r more equal
Stratified Diffusion = started w/ equality in higher classes, then diffused to lower classes through class system

Question 4

Young + Willmont: Evaluation

Answer 4

Feminists - reject MOP, little has changed, patriarchy still exists + is stem of inequality
Oakley = criticises symmetrical family - exaggeration, men help more but roles not symmetrical
found 15% husbands had higher level of participation in housework, 25% helped w/ childcare

Question 5

DDOL - Oakley

Answer 5

Duel-Earner Households
late 70’s+80’s women were venturing out to workplace, established duel-earner households, meant women working while also doing unpaid domestic labour at home

Question 6

R+DM - Barret + McIntosh

Answer 6

= men gain more from womens domestic work than they give back in financial support - often comes with strings attached
= men usually make decisions about spending on belangkrijk items
= in many households women have no entitlement to a share of household resources - money she does have spent on children –> meaning women in poverty even in houses w/ adequate incomes

Question 7

R+DM - Pahl + Vogler

Answer 7

(feminists)
2 main type of control over family incomes:
1) allowance system = men give wives allowance they have to budget + meet family needs, with the man retaining surplus income
2) pooling = both have access to income + joint responsibility for its expenditure (e.g. joint bank account)

Question 8

DV - official statistics

Answer 8

dv follows social patterns
99% committed by men against women
nearly 1/4 women assaulted by partner at some time in life
Womens Aid Federation = dv accounts for a sixth + a 1/4 of all recorded violent crime

Question 9

DV - why might official statistics be wrong?

Answer 9

understate extent of problem:
= victims may be unwilling to report to police
= police/prosecutors may be reluctant to investigate

Question 10

DV - radical fem explanation

Answer 10

Dobash + Dobash - interviews w/ women
= dv is evidence of patriarchy
= men dominate women through dv
= dv is part of patriarchal system + helps maintain men’s power

Question 11

DV - radical fem explanation: evaluation

Answer 11

= not all men aggressive
= doesn’t consider female violence against men + children or lesbian violence
= interviews r not a reliable source
= women r not equally at risk of dv, some vulnerable at greater risk

Question 12

DV - materialistic explanation

Answer 12

Wilkinson + Pickett
= focuses on economic + material factors (inequality)
= some groups (e.g. low income) more at risk than others
= dv results from stress of family members caused by inequality + poverty
= lack of resources, money + time

Question 13

DV - materialistic explanation

Answer 13

Wilkinson + Pickett
= focuses on economic + material factors (inequality)
= some groups (e.g. low income) more at risk than others
= dv results from stress of family members caused by inequality + poverty
= lack of resources, money + time

Question 14

DV - materialistic explanation: evaluation

Answer 14

= helps explain violence in lower classes
= MF agree: capitalism = dv
= doesnt explain why women r main victims