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Cell Bio II > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What makes up the fibrous layer of the eye?

A
  1. Cornea

2. Sclera

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2
Q

The cornea and sclera make up what layer of the eye?

A

Fibrous

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3
Q

What makes up the vascular layer of the eye?

A
  1. Choroid
  2. Ciliary body
  3. Iris
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4
Q

The choroid, ciliary body, and iris make up what layer of the eye?

A

Vascular

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5
Q

What makes up the retinal layer of the eye?

A
  1. Neural layer

2. Retinal pigment epithelium

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6
Q

What are the contents of the posterior chamber?

A
  1. Aqueous humor
  2. Iris
  3. Ciliary body and muscle
  4. Lens
  5. Cornea
  6. Anterior sclera
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7
Q

What are the contents of the vitreous chamber?

A
  1. Vitreous humor
  2. Visual retina
  3. Retinal pigment epithelium
  4. Posterior sclera
  5. Uvea
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8
Q

What are the five layers of the cornea?

A
  1. Corneal epithelium (most external)
  2. Bowman’s membrane
  3. Corneal stroma
  4. Descemet’s membrane
  5. Corneal endothelium
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9
Q

What type of cell makes up the corneal epithelium?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized with apical microvilli

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10
Q

What protein protects the corneal epithelium from UV damage?

A

Ferritin

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11
Q

What are some functions of Bowman’s membrane?

A
  1. Contributes to strength and stability of cornea

2. Acts as barrier to prevent spread of infections

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12
Q

What are some characteristics of the corneal stroma?

A
  1. 90% of cornea’s thickness
  2. Collagen fibrils arranged in lamellae (transparency)
  3. Proteoglycans and collagen V allow proper spacing of collagen fibrils
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13
Q

What are some characteristics of Descemet’s membrane?

A
  1. Regenerates after injury
  2. Thickens with age
  3. Interwoven meshwork of fibers and pores
  4. Helps maintain curvature of cornea
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14
Q

What are some characteristics of the corneal endothelium?

A
  1. Faces anterior chamber - has zonula occludens, adherens, and desmosomes
  2. Simple squamous epithelium
  3. Responsible for virtually all metabolic exchanges of cornea - nutrition via diffusion
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15
Q
  1. Contributes to strength and stability of cornea

2. Acts as barrier to prevent spread of infections

A

Bowman’s membrane

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16
Q
  1. 90% of cornea’s thickness
  2. Collagen fibrils arranged in lamellae (transparency)
  3. Proteoglycans and collagen V allow proper spacing of collagen fibrils
A

Corneal stroma

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17
Q
  1. Regenerates after injury
  2. Thickens with age
  3. Interwoven meshwork of fibers and pores
  4. Helps maintain curvature of cornea
A

Descemet’s membrane

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18
Q
  1. Faces anterior chamber
  2. Simple squamous epithelium
  3. Responsible for virtually all metabolic exchanges of cornea
A

Corneal endothelium

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19
Q

What is Tenon’s capsule?

A

Fascial sheath over the surface of the sclera where extraocular muscles insert

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20
Q

Fascial sheath over the surface of the sclera where extraocular muscles insert

A

Tenon’s capsule

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21
Q

What is the corneoscleral limbus?

A
  1. Location of stem cells for corneal epithelium

2. Location of iridocorneal angle

22
Q
  1. Location of stem cells for corneal epithelium

2. Location of iridocorneal angle

A

Corneoscleral limbus

23
Q

What is the iridocorneal angle?

A
  1. Trabecular meshwork
  2. Formation of Canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus)
  3. Apparatus for the outflow of aqueous humor
24
Q
  1. Trabecular meshwork
  2. Formation of Canal of Schlemm (scleral venous sinus)
  3. Apparatus for the outflow of aqueous humor
A

Iridocorneal angle

25
Q

What is the ora serrata?

A

Area that defines anterior limit of retina and choroid and the posterior limit of the ciliary body

26
Q

Area that defines anterior limit of retina and choroid and the posterior limit of the ciliary body

A

Ora serrata

27
Q

What are the functions of the ciliary processes?

A
  1. Secretion of anchoring zonule fibers
  2. Produce aqueous humor
  3. Blood-aqueous barrier
28
Q

What is the flow of aqueous humor?

A

Posterior chamber –> pupil –> anterior chamber –> trabecular meshwork –> Canal of Schlemm –> venous system

29
Q

What is the function of ciliary muscle?

A

Reduce tension on lens for near vision

30
Q

What is Bruch’s membrane (lamina vitrea)?

A

Thin, amorphous hyaline membrane that forms the innermost layer of the choroid

31
Q

What is contained in the fovea centralis?

A

Only cone photoreceptor cells - area of highest visual acuity

32
Q

What is the retinal pigment epithelium?

A

Attaches via Bruch’s membrane to the choriocapillary layer of the choroid (site of dislocated retina)

33
Q

What are the four groups of cells found in the retina?

A
  1. Photoreceptors
  2. Conducting neurons
  3. Association and other neurons
  4. Supporting (neuroglial) cells
34
Q

What is the function of the RPE?

A
  1. Absorb light
  2. Blood-retina layer
  3. Metabolic processes
  4. Phagocytosis of membranous discs from rods and cone
35
Q

Iodopsin is sensitive to what colors?

A

Red, green, blue

36
Q

What is the main blood supply to the retina?

A

Central retinal artery from ophthalmic artery

37
Q

What are the three parts of the lens?

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Subcapsular epithelium
  3. Lens fibers
38
Q

Conjunctiva is made up of what type of epithelium?

A

Stratified columnar with goblet cells and basal lamina overlying a loose CT

39
Q

Can Bowman’s membrane regenerate?

A

No

40
Q

What is the precise location for stem cells of the corneal epithelium?

A

Corneoscleral limbus

41
Q

What is the dilator pupillae’s arrangement of fibers with respect to the iris?

A

Radially arranaged

42
Q

What is the sphincter pupillae’s arrangement of fibers with respect to the iris?

A

Circularly arranged

43
Q

How is the dilator pupillae innervated?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

44
Q

How is the sphincter pupillae innervated?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

45
Q

What imparts pigment to the iris?

A

Anterior and posterior pigment epithelium

46
Q

What causes open angle glaucoma?

A

Blockage of trabecular meshwork, slowing drainage of aqueous humor

47
Q

What causes closed angle glaucoma?

A

Iridocorneal junction narrows / pinches off

48
Q

Which is more emergent - open angle or closed angle glaucoma?

A

Closed

49
Q

What is the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Fragility of blood vessels - leads to retinal bleeding, edema, neovascularization of retina and iris

50
Q

What is a common early sign of age related macular degeneration?

A

Drusen

Cell Bio II (10 decks)

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