Extra evaluation points for 40 markers (c+d)

Question 1

Evaluating marxism

Answer 1

• Too heavily focused on class
• Some laws protect the vulnerable too
• Some say Box= too extreme
• Rich and powerful are prosecuted too

Question 2

Evaluating functionalism

Answer 2

Durkheim evaluation:
- No explanation of why individuals commit crime, why some do so more than others, why different people are deviant in different ways

Question 3

Evaluating interactionism

Answer 3

• Akers- too much emphasis on societal reaction. Adults know that they are doing wrong- no need for a label
• Left realists- don’t explain why people deviate, over romantises the offender as a victim of labelling, ignores true victim
• Marxists- acknowledges power but does not explain this. Labelling is an ideological process- supports ruling class interests

Question 4

New Right perspective

Answer 4

• Murray- c+d due to the breakdown of traditional family structure, rise of welfare dependency, and formation of the underclass
• Crime due to poor socialisation= those who come from a w/c background, where deviance is normalised, are socialised into c+d (single mums= no male role model)

Question 5

Feminist perspective

Answer 5

• Marxism, functionalism, interactionism all ignore role of female crime and deviance
• Carlen- focus on how women experience crime and punishment - role of gender in shaping criminal behaviour

Question 6

Evaluating subcultural explanations

Answer 6

• Outdated (1950-60s)
• Generalisation of w/c, but culture is actually more varied (ethnicity, gender)
• Female, m/c, middle aged excluded
• Deterministic- no free will
• Winlow not UK relevant- group distinctions (C+O) not made clear, violence= money making, gaining power/status)

Question 7

Evaluation of Cloward and Ohlin

Answer 7

• Marshall- uncommon in UK, most w/c share norms and values of parents, subcultural activities= not organised, antisocial behaviour= bordemn
• Interactionists= only focuses on w/c, but not all youths engage, ignore role of police stereotyping
• Hobbs- it is difficult to highlight only 3 categories

Question 8

Evaluation of A.Cohen

Answer 8

• Feminism= no female discussion
• Fails to prove that school is the main place where status frustration is demonstrated

Question 9

Evaluation of Miller

Answer 9

• Box- only looks at w/c, when focal concerns can be applied to m/c too