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Body log > exocrine glands > Flashcards

exocrine glands Flashcards

1
Q

how are saliva glands innervated?

A

autonomi nervous system

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2
Q

how much saliva do we produce a day

A

1.5L

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3
Q

what does saliva help with

A
  • taste
  • digestion
  • lubrication
  • antibacterial
  • protection of teeth from vomit
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4
Q

where are the parotid glands located

A

anterior to external ear posterior to masseter muscle

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5
Q

what are the three salivary glands

A

parotid
submandiubular
sublingual

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6
Q

what is the predominant secretion of parotid gland

A

predominantly serous (water)

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7
Q

what do striated ducts do in parotid glands

A

modify saliva

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8
Q

how can you tell a mucous from a serous gland on a histology slide

A

mucus stain lighter as more glycosylated

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9
Q

what shape are parotid glands

A

acinar
occur in pairs

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10
Q

why do some ducts have myoepithelial cells around the outside

A

features of both smooth muscle and epithelial cells to help eject secretions from the duct

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11
Q

how does the striated duct modify the saliva

A

impermeable to water but site of bicarbonate transport, Na reabsorption and K secretion to create hypertonic solution so get rid of some ions in saliva

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12
Q

what are striated duct cells characterised by

A

basal foldings
help transport of ions and many mitochondria

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13
Q

what is stenson’s duct

A

the main duct that runs into the mouth

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14
Q

what is unique about the histology of striated ducts in terms of nuclei

A

nuclei pushed up more towards apical side due to basal foldings

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15
Q

which gland produces majority of saliva

A

submandibular gland

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16
Q

what does the submandibular gland secret

A

mixed serous and mucus acini

17
Q

what is the main secretion of the sublingual gland

A

mucus

18
Q

which salivary gland would stain the lightest

A

sublingual

19
Q

which salivary gland would stain the darkest

A

parotid

20
Q

what are the storage functions of the liver

A
  • metals (iron and copper)
  • vitamins ADEK
  • sugars
21
Q

what are the anabolic functions of the liver

A
  • more than 60% of body’s proteins
    albumin, enzymes, lipoproteins
  • amino acids synth
  • haemopoiesis in fetus
  • bile production
22
Q

what are the catabolic functions of the liver

A
  • drugs
  • hormones
  • haemoglobin
  • toxins
  • sugars
23
Q

what artery supplies the liver

A

hepatic

24
Q

what veins leave the liver

A
  • inferior vena cava
  • splenic vein and stomach vein (portal system)
25
Q

what is the liver lobule

A

hexagonal functional units that make up the liver

26
Q

what are the features of the liver lobule

A
  • kupffer cell
  • portal triad
  • central vein (terminal hepatic venule)
27
Q

what are found on each corner of the liver lobules

A

portal tirad

28
Q

what makes up the portal triad

A
  • bile duct
  • portal vein
  • hepatic artery
29
Q

what other features can be found near the portal triad

A
  • nerves
  • lymph vessels
  • fat
30
Q

what are the three types of capillary vessel

A
  • continuous (complete mem)
  • fenestrated (small gaps)
  • sinusoid ( incomplete basement mem)
31
Q

what are Kupffer cells

A

specialist macrophages that form part of sinusoidal lining
80% of all tissue macrophages

32
Q

what is the function of Kupffer cells

A

trap and phagocytose any damages or aged erythrocytes missed by splee

33
Q

what are stellate cells (Ito cells)

A

cells full of cytoplasmic vacuoles with vitamin A

34
Q

what happens to stellate cells in liver cirrhosis

A

lose vitamin A storage capability and differentiate into myofibroblasts which synthesise and deposit collagen within perisinusoidal space resulting in liver fibrosis

35
Q

how long does it take the liver to repair up to 50% damage

A

7-8 days

36
Q

how long does it take the liver to repair up to 70% damage

A

30-40

37
Q

how long does it take the liver to repair over 70% damage

A

never

38
Q
A

Body log (8 decks)

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