exemplify review sessions 9+ Flashcards

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1
Q

Features of adult patient presenting with severe acute asthma

A

unable to complete sentences
Pulse greater than 110bpm
Resp rate greater than 25/min
Peak flow 33-50% of best or predicted

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2
Q

Is naloxone used to treat opioid addiction

A

no it is used for overdose- triggers severe withdrawal effects

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3
Q

Loperamide does what

A

decreases peristalsis, increases segmental contractions (allows more transit time for fluid to be removed from faeces)

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4
Q

describe the action of histamine antagonists

A

ranitidine - competitively inhibit H2 receptors in gastric parietal cells

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5
Q

lactulose and macrogols

A

both osmotic laxatives

lactulose: draws fluid into bowels
Macrogols: limit loss of fluid from stool

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6
Q

hyoscine hydrobromide acts

A

competitively

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7
Q

How does methotrexate work

A

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibition

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8
Q

3 facts about LMWH

A

Require less monitoring than UFH

Less likely to cause heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Risk of osteoporosis is smaller

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9
Q

What is the antidote for unfractionated heparin

A

Protamine sulphate

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10
Q

Which anticoag is most appropriate for an A Fib patient with renal failure to minimise risk of stroke

A

Warfarin

(Not Apixaban or Dabigatran as they are contraindicated in severe renal impairment)

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11
Q

Which antihypertensive drug is least likely to exacerbate hyperkalaemia in a patient on heparin

A

Amlodipine (CCB)

Heparin inhibits aldosterone action so spironolactone and ramipril which inhibit aldosterone would increase risk of hyperkalaemia

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12
Q

Patient specific pieces of information needed before starting chemotherapy

A

BMI
Liver function
Renal function
Performance status

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