Excercise 9 Objectives

Question 0

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 0

The first 7 vertebrae, all in the neck. These are smaller and lightly built

Question 1

Name three parts of axial skeleton

Answer 1

Skull, Rib Cage and Vertebral Column

Question 2

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 2

Twelve vertebrae, each articulation with the twelve pairs of ribs.

Question 3

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 3

The lower five vertebrae, between the ribs and the sacrum. These have the largest vertebral bodies

Question 4

C1

Answer 4

Atlas (holds up the head)

Question 5

C2

Answer 5

Axis (allows the head to rotate)

Question 6

Intervertebral discs (Importance of them)

Answer 6

Functions as a spacer, as a shock absorber and as a motion unit.

Question 7

Importance of Spinal Curvature

Answer 7

Provides mechanical counterbalance to the loads the body must carry. example: the rib-cage adds weight to the front of the body in the area of the mid and upper back. The thoracic spinal curve is in the direction opposite of the rib cage, at the same spinal levels as the ribcage. This way the demands placed on the spine by the weight of the ribcage are neutralized by the thoracic curve.

Question 8

Three abnormal spinal curvatures

Answer 8

Lordosis (also called swayback, the spine of a person with lordosis curves significantly inward at the lower spine) Kyphosis (characterized by an abnormally rounded upper back , more than 50 degrees of curvature), Scoliosis (a sideways curve to their spine. The curve is often s-shaped or c-shaped.)

Question 9

Components of Thoracic Cage

Answer 9

The thoracic cage is composed of the thoraic vertebrae dorsally, the ribs laterally and the sternum and costal cartilages anteriorly.
Functions:
-forms a protective cage around the heart, lungs and great blood vessels
-supports the shoulder girdles and upper limbs
-provides attachment for many neck, back, chest and shoulder muscles
-uses intercostal muscles to lift and depress the thorax during breathing.

Question 10

What are true and false ribs?

Answer 10

The first 7 pairs are attached directly to the sternum by costal cartilages are called true ribs. The 8th, 9th and 10th pairs are false ribs and do not join the sternum directly but are connected to the 7th rib by cartilage

Question 11

Define Fontanelle

Answer 11

A space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus, where ossification is not complete and the suture not fully formed. The main one is between the frontal and parietal bones

Question 12

Difference between fetal and adult skulls

Answer 12

• Size, the facial portion is about half that of the cranium, in a newborn baby, the facial portion is about 1/8th that of the cranium.
• in infants the skulls bones are unossified