Examples Flashcards
(33 cards)
Supreme court strikes down Trump executive order 2025:
On March 2025, the SC voted 5-4 to overturn a Trump administration executive order that had paused all foreign aids being given out, Roberts and Barret joined the 3 liberal justices -> shows that judicial view is an important check on presidential power and protects congressional power and declares actions unconstitutional
What is an example of amendments that failed ?
The equal rights amendment first introduced in 1923 and passed by Congress in 1972 however failed to achieve 38 states agreement by 1982 causing it not to be ratified
What is an example of a member of the House of Lords becoming cabinet member ?
2023 - David Cameron was Foreign Secretary in Sunak cabinet
What is an example of US cabinet members being selected for their speciality?
Anthony blinktons role a secretary of state was achieved due to his previous experience in a political advising firm.
What is an example of US cabinet members being more loyal to their departments than cabinet?
For example, mattis is served a secretary of defence for Trump was a strong advocate for NATO in different departmental strategies mattis disagreed with many of Trump’s views and this eventually led to Mattis resignation.
What is an example of cabinet members that belong to other parties but retain their posts from previous president?
Robert Gates served a secretary of defence under George Bush and was asked to continue his role under Obama
What an examples of limits of Incumbency and interest group influence?
in 2024, election cycle, 2 prominent radical democrats and members of the “squad” Bowman and Bush were both defeated by moderates in their primaries, Importantly these moderates were more supportive of Israel, and Latimer was backed by interest group AIPAC, leading to the most expensive primary campaign - 7x more bowman’s spending
Congress oversight failure under unified government?
Trump fired inspectors general from 17 different government agencies. These are auditors who are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate to track abuses of power, waste and mismanagement. This has not been met with pushback from Congress - Republician senators have largely support the move - ‘some desire to be fired’ -> failing to assert it’s own oversight
Trump challenging Congress’s power of the purse?
Trump has also challeneged congress’s power of the purse, in early 2025, trump unilaterally exceeded his constitutional authority and ordered a pause of all federal grants and loans to 2600 programs, justifying this by saying federal spending should align with presidential priorities -> congress has failed to challenge this executive order despite having the congressional review act. (which allows them to pass legislation blocking an exec)
Trump’s extensive use of exec orders - stat
On his first day in office, Trump broke the record for the most executive orders on any president’s first day, he signed 33 in total
What is the Key weakness of executive orders?
They can be repealed, Trump rolled back 78 of biden’s executive actions in his first week
What is an example for the varying nature of presidential power?
Lame Duck - the final 6 months of Biden’s presidency, especially after him dropping out of the presidential race in July 2024 led to a decline in his influence. His influence on over international affairs decreased significantly with other leaders prioritising relationships with harris and Trump and there were no real legislative achievements. Trump was also able to prevent a TikTok ban even before becoming president by announcing the action he would take as president
What are some examples of the limits of Judicial power 2025?
In april 2025, U.S. Supreme Court temporarily barred the Trump administration from deporting a group of Venezuelan migrants under the Alien Enemies Act. The administration did continue to deport other Venezuelan migrants and refused to comply with a unanimous suprem court ruling the administration must facilitate the return of migrant wrongly deported.
The Heritage Foundation and Porject 2025?
- prominent conservative think tank and interest group that promotes conservative policies - made Project 2025 a form of a manifesto and has had a large influence. Project 2025 - deconstruct the administrative state - which was pursued by DOGE and recommends eliminating DEI programs which Trump enacted with an executive in his first week
Heritage Foundation attempting to influence presidential appointments
Pete Hegseth - was stronglu sipported including HF launching a 1 million campaign advocating for his confirmation by the senate - JD Vance strong ties to heritage foundations
examples of iron triangle
Congress routinely approves large defense budgets, often exceeding Pentagon requests. Defense contractors lobby Congress heavily and contribute to campaigns. In turn, lawmakers push for procurement programs benefiting contractors in their districts. Critics argue this triangle makes it difficult to curb wasteful spending and ensures the continued flow of contracts, sometimes at the expense of broader national priorities.
Recent examples of how media scrutiny, public opinion, and watchdog organizations have functioned as checks on power in the U.S
Local nonprofit news outlets have uncovered public-sector wrongdoing, triggering official accountability. For instance, Mississippi Today exposed a $77 million welfare fraud linked to former Governor Phil Bryant—an investigation that resulted in criminal charges.
Republican stance on tariffs
Blanket 20% tariffs on all imports; 60% tariffs on all Chinese products (Trump).
Republican stance on corporate tax
Cut corporate tax rate from 21% to 15%.
Republican stance on cryptocurrency
Make cryptocurrency more available in the US → aim for ‘crypto capital.’
Democrat stance on corporate tax
Increase corporate tax rate to 28%.
Democrat support for first-time homebuyers
Provide down payments for first-time buyers.
Democrat stance on minimum wage
Increase minimum wage.
Republican policy on Israel
Recognised Jerusalem as Israel’s capital; language supportive of Israel in Gaza conflict.
