Exam Practice Questions Flashcards
T/F: Bioavailability is the fraction of an administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation and the lymphatic flow intact
False
The biological membrane plays an important role in governing cell function. Without a membrane, there would not be life. Please select the FALSE statement below regarding the role of biological membranes:
A) All living cells are enclosed by one or more membranes, which define the cell as the living unit
B) The membrane isolates the cellular contents from the environment-forms a barrier.
C) Under normal physiological conditions, the cellular lipid composition is polarized, and intracellular membrane lipids are different then extracellular lipids.
D) The lipid composition of all biological membranes is identical.
E) The cell membrane is a semi-permeable membrane, permitting the rapid passage of some chemicals while retarding or preventing the passage of others.
D) The lipid composition of all biological membranes is identical
T/F: Dosage forms have many functions that are conveyed through the interactions of the excipients, the drug’s physicochemical properties and the physiological barriers that are designed to balance the disposition in the body
True
All of the following can reduce the bioavailability of an orally administered drug EXCEPT:
A) Poor dissolution in the GI tract
B) Chemical degradation in the GI tract
C) Metabolism in the liver
D) Poor absorption across the GI mucosa
E) Poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier
E) Poor penetration of the blood-brain barrier
T/F: Absorption rate (kabs) is defined by the drug properties, the excipient/drug composition of the formulation, and the physiological barriers between the GI tract and systemic circulation. Ideally, formulators design the oral dosage forms to control kabs to balance disposition.
True
There are several processes that are required for oral absorption of monolithic dosage forms. Which of the following is not a required process?
A) Drug molecules at the surface dissolve to form a saturated solution
B) Drug molecules diffuse through the bulk solution to the absorbing mucosa and are absorbed
C) Replenishment of drug molecules in the diffusion layer is achieved by further dissolution
D) Dissolved drug molecules diffuse across the saturated solution layer from the area of low concentration at the surface to high concentration in the bulk solution by flux
E) All are required processes
D) Dissolved drug molecules diffuse across the saturated solution layer from the area of low concentration at the surface to high concentration in the bulk solution by flux
T/F: The microenvironmental pH at the surface of a cell membrane is different than that of the bulk fluid in the GI tract. This is one of several reasons why we cannot rely on the use the pH partition hypothesis for estimating absorption of ionized drugs
True
T/F: Coatings can be applied to dosage forms for a number of purposes including protecting patients from the drug’s potentially harmful effects, controlling the release of the drug to maintain the concentrations in the therapeutic window, and to even change appearance to provide an aesthetic appeal.
True
There are several reasons for utilizing enteric coatings including all of the following EXCEPT:
A) To delay drug release-control release
B) To deliver the drug locally-could be used for lower bowel disorders like Crohn’s
C) To deliver the drug to an optimal absorption window
D) To enhance gastric acid degradation
E) To prevent gastric distress from the drug
D) To enhance gastric acid degradation
T/F: Cholesterol only has a harmful effect on biological membranes, playing a significant role in muscle pain and atherosclerosis.
False
There are several different types of epithelia. From the list below, please select the one type that is NOT an epithelial cell type:
A) Circumventricular columnar
B) Simple squamous
C) Simple columnar
D) Translational
E) Stratified squamous
A) Circumventricular columnar
There are several physiological challenges that make predicting the clinical performance of a dosage form in the clinic hard to do. They include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Variability is enormous in GI fluid composition in patients
B) Drug-nutrient and drug-drug interactions are common.
C) Diet and chemical exposure varies
D) While changes in the individual GI transit times are not common, they do vary widely across different patients.
E) Transporters and enzymes vary along the GI tract.
D) While changes in the individual GI transit times are not common, they do vary widely across different patients
T/F: Drug levels observed in the therapeutic window can be governed in part by transporters and metabolism, based on the compound being studied. Therefore, transporters and enzymes can play an important role in drug product performance.
True
T/F: Paracelsian theory states that a chemical might have no effect on an organism, a beneficial effect, or a toxic effect. In fact, the dose dictates whether or not a chemical is a poison or a remedy.
True
Please select the following statement that is TRUE?
A) All excipients are inert.
B) A generic product judged therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug will have the same identity, strength, quality, safety, and efficacy
C) Pharmaceutical equivalence is not part of the generic drug requirements
D) Bioequivalence is a way to show that all generic drug products are identical to the original drug product and provide the same safe and efficacious response.
E) Carbamazepine generic dosage forms are readily substituted for the innovator product because they all provide the same seizure control across all patients.
B) A generic product judged therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug will have the same identity, strength, quality, safety, and efficacy
