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Pediatric Summer Class > Exam One Blueprint > Flashcards

Exam One Blueprint Flashcards

1
Q

Who makes up a TRADITIONAL FAMILY:

A

2 parents, married, with biological children

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2
Q

Who makes up a NUCLEAR FAMILY:

A

2 parents (can either be married or not) & children (can either be biological, stepchildren, adopted, foster)

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3
Q

Who makes up a BLENDED family:

A

At least a stepparent, stepsibling, or one half-sibling

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4
Q

Who makes up a EXTENDED FAMILY:

A

One parent, one or more children, and one or more other people that live in the household that may be related or unrelated

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5
Q

Who makes up a SINGLE PARENT FAMILY:

A

Maybe due to divorce, death, or single parenthood- one parent household

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6
Q

Who makes up a BINUCLEAR FAMILY:

A

A joint custody of co-parenting parents that terminated the marriage

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7
Q

Who makes up a POLYGAMOUS FAMILY:

A

Commonly made up of multiple wives occasionally or rarely multiple husbands

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8
Q

Who makes up a COMMUNAL FAMILY:

A

Joint ownership of the property; relying on the group members; escaping from the tradition that is normal in the world

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9
Q

Who makes up a LGBTQ, SAME-SEX, HOMOSEXUAL FAMILY

A

Legal or common law; can be married, same sex marriage

Tied together with children that may be biological, adopted, or foster

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10
Q

What is the definition of FAMILY-CENTERED CARE?

A

Family is the constant in the child’s life and it what the child says it is. If child says it’s the nurse then it’s the nurse.

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11
Q

How do we teach children using play, and why is it important?

A

examples a child is going to get a cast to decrease their anxiety you can put a cast on a teddy bear and this will show them how it will be done through play.

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12
Q

What are the types of pain scales:

A

a. FACES (use in children 3 years and older)
b. FLACC- Pediatric/Pre-verbal (validated 2 months to 7 years) Not valid for children with developmental delay.
c. Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (0-3months)

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13
Q

What are the S/S of dehydration in an infant ?

A

Symptoms: sunken fontanel, decreased urine output (#of diapers), weight loss, no tears, dry mucous membranes, poor skin turgor (inner thigh),

EXTRA IN POWERPOINT: tachycardiac, variable temp, fatigue, lethargy, altered LOC

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14
Q

Do infants need to drink water?

A

No, babies do not need to drink water if they are being fed properly

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15
Q

How should the infants car seat be installed?

A

Rear facing in the back seat and locked in with seatbelt

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16
Q

How do you measure urine output in an infant?

A

of wet diapers.

  • you can weight them by zeroing out the scale
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17
Q

If you have a sick baby in the ER and mom says “something is wrong with my baby” what do you ask?

A 
Last time they ate
# of diapers in the last 24 hours
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18
Q

What toys are appropriate for the first year :

A
  1. Rattles
  2. Mobiles
  3. Teething toys
  4. Nesting toys
  5. Playing with balls
  6. Reading books
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19
Q

What are the types of play:

A
  1. Unoccupied Play-The random movements that infants make with no clear purpose are the beginning of the play ( birth - 5 or 6 months)
  2. Solitary Play- When children start to play on their own. Children do not seem to notice other children sitting or playing nearby during this type of play ( starts at 6 months)
  3. Onlooker Play- When children watch others play. The child who is looking may ask questions but there is no effort to join the play ( toddler stage)
  4. Parallel Play- When children begin to play side-by-side with other children without interaction. They are paying attention to each other (toddler stage, after onlooker play)
  5. Associative Play- When children start asking questions of each other. They have similar goals but there are no set rules. (Initial play of pre schoolers, playing on playground but not together)
  6. Social Play- When children begin to share ideas and toys and follow established rules and guidelines. (School aged child, start team sports)
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20
Q

How can you tell a child has meet the goal of objective performance ?

A

You can tell a child meet this goal when you place an object behind you back and the child knows to look for the object behind you.

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21
Q

Maintenance fluid calculation:

A

( not replacing fluids just maintaining fluids, still not dehydrated yet)

a. Body weight (kg): amount of fluid per day (24 hours)
i. 1-10 -> 100 ml X kg
ii. 11-20 -> 1000 mL plus [50 mL X kg] (for each kg <10 kg)
iii. >20 kg -> 1500 mL plus [20 ml/kg] (for each kg <20 kg)

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22
Q

What are the water excess labs ?

A

a. Decreased electrolytes
b. Decreased specific gravity (1.005-1.030)
c. Decreased hematocrit (30-44)

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23
Q

What is herd immunity:

A

is when a large part of the population of an area is immune to a specific disease ( can be via immunization or exposure). If enough people are resistant to the cause of a disease, such as a virus or bacteria, it has nowhere to go. While not every single individual may be immune, the group as a whole has protection.

*reference google

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24
Q

Immunization location in infants ( 4 month old):

A

Vastus lateralis , in the right lateral anterior thigh

  • 2 year old deltoid but can also use vastus lateralis
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25
Q

What are the measles s/s :

A

HIGH FEVER, conjunctivitis, RASH maculopapular from face to trunk to extremities , coryza, cough, anorexia, malaise, KOPLIK SPOTS( white spots in oral mucosa)

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26
Q

How do we treat pain with immunizations ?

A

Buzzy bee
Pain spray
EMLA- cream but takes 15-20 min to work

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27
Q

What is the best way to prevent communicable diseases ?

A

Immunizations

  • having babies vaccinated is the #1 way
28
Q

What are the immunizations at 4 months and before school begins

A

a. DTaP (Infrantrix)
b. Inactivated polio (IPV)
c. Hib (Haemiphilus influenza type B)
d. PCV (pneumococcal disease)
e. Rotavirus
f. Flu – Influenza annually
g. before school starts: Hep A & B, MMR, Varicella,

29
Q

How can you tell the difference between candidiasis and dried milk ?

A

Difference is if you use a tongue scraper if its milk it will come off with candidiasis it will not

30
Q

Lyme disease if the most common —————-

A

Most common tick borne disease in the US

Self limiting treat palliatively

31
Q

Epiglottitis symptoms ?

A

HOARSE VOICE, DYSTONIA , DYSPHAGIA, DROOLING

Hib vaccine will prevent this, cherry red epiglottis
  • never put anything inside their mouth can cause spams and close airway
32
Q

Symptoms of asthma:

A

Wheezing and dry cough, prolonged expiration, restlessness, fatigue, tachypnea, cyanosis, marked respiratory distress (accessory muscles).

33
Q

What medicine is used prior to exercising with pt with asthma

A

Albuterol for emergency and also prior to exercising

34
Q

How do you diagnose asthma :

A

Pt history, physical, chest x-ray, symptoms

  • PFT is to determine the severity not to diagnose
35
Q

RSV symptoms:

A

a. Symptoms: thick nasal secretions, not eating, crackles, low grade fever, cough, wheezing
b. Clear nasal passages with bulb syringe or deep nasal suctioning ( red rubber cath)

36
Q

RSV risk factors:

A

daycare, <2 years, and smoking (second-hand), exposed environment

37
Q

Cystic fibrosis symptoms:

A

a. Symptoms: cough, sputum, dyspnea, decreased sats, digital clubbing, bulky frothy foul-smelling stools (steatorrhea), meconium ileus

38
Q

Cystic fibrosis diagnosis test:

A

Sweat test

39
Q

Cystic fibrosis treatment:

A

pancreatic enzymes, chest physiotherapy, vibration vest, fat soluble vitamins (A,E,D,K),

*Vibration vest and chest physiotherapy should be done before eating.

40
Q

Pyloric stenosis symptoms:

A

Projectile vomiting, moveable olive-shaped mass in epigastrium

41
Q

Diarrhea most common cause:

A

Rotavirus < 2 years old

*vaccine will prevent

42
Q

Diarrhea treatment/ oral hydration

A

Let it run its course, and 10ml/kg for each stool,

  • or vaccine for rotavirus
43
Q

HUS- TRAID

A

Anemia
Thrombocytopenia ( decreased platelet)
Renal failure (increased BUN/ creatine)

44
Q

Cleft pallet complications

A

Speech problems if not corrected sooner

*long term speech issues

45
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease- symptoms

A

b. Ribbon like, foul smelling poop, vomiting, distended abdomen, sign of enterocolitis, chronic constipation

46
Q

What is the first sign of Hirschsprung’s disease:

A

They don’t pass their first meconium within 24-48 hours

47
Q

Celiac disease symptoms:

A

Gluten sensitive, abdominal distention, vomiting, anorexia, muscle wasting, diarrhea with a foul odor.

48
Q

Celiac disease diet:

A

No barley, rye, wheat, or oats.
They can eat rice.

NO BEER has barley and rye

49
Q

Vomiting treatment

A

Let it run its course unless there is a complication

*Complications dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, aspiration

50
Q

Renal diet:

A

Limit salt and fluids, and limit greens with every meal

-NO BACON and DIET COKE

51
Q

Toileting training readiness

A

a. They will let you know,
b. wake up dry in morning,
c. can pull up and down the pants.

  • they have that sphincter control
52
Q

Chronic hypoxia: cardiac symptoms

**

A

** unsure

They will have cyanosis

53
Q

Hypercyanotic spell symptoms

A

Crying, tachycardia, tachypnea, cyanotic

54
Q

Treatment for hypercyanotic spell

TOF

A

Bring knees up (to decrease venous return) , apply oxygen, and give morphine ( to relax their system)

55
Q

Kawasaki disease treatment

A

ASA (aspirin treatment, salicylates ), IV immunoglobulin

56
Q

Kawasaki disease symptoms

A

high fever, rash, grumpy, conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue

57
Q

What are the decreased pulmonary blood flow defects

A

Tricuspid atresia and tetralogy of fallot (TOF)

58
Q

What are the decreased pulmonary blood flow lab findings

A

Polycythemia

59
Q

Increased pulmonary blood flow defects:

A 
ASD (atrial septic defect)
VSD ( ventricular septal defect)
PDA ( patent ductus arteriosus)
AV canal (atrioventricular canal)
  • Cardiac patch can be fixed with ASD
  • VSD most common
60
Q

Coarctation of the aorta symptoms

A

BP will be different in upper and lower extremities due to strictures in aorta

61
Q

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) expected sign :

And weight gain?

A

Expected sign is murmur

*Weight gain is bad that means the pt has edema any weight gain call doctor

62
Q

Digoxin what do we teach parents

A

If the child vomits do not give other dose wail till next scheduled time

63
Q

What can cause Rheumatic fever

A

Untreated strep and acute glomeuronephritis

64
Q

What is the Tylenol safe dosage:

A
  • 10-15mg/kg/dose

* Not to exceed 5 doses in 24 hours

65
Q

Remember the two meds

  1. Indomethacin (Indocin) is for
  2. IV prostaglandin E
A
  1. To close ductus

2. To keep open the ductus patency

Pediatric Summer Class (1 decks)

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