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Biochem > Exam III - Notes > Flashcards

Exam III - Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirin

A

Irreversible COX-1 and COX-2

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2
Q

NSAIDs

A

Reversible COX-1 and COX-2

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3
Q

Products Arachidonic Acid

A

Leukotrienes

Prostaglandins

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4
Q

COX-1

A

GI-tract

Platelet, Thromboxane A2

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5
Q

COX-2

A

Inflamed tissue, pain, swelling

Blood vessel, prostacyclin

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6
Q

Thromboxane A2

A

Vaso and broncho constrictor

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7
Q

PGI2

A

Vasodilator

Bronchodilator

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8
Q

PGE2

A

Vasodilator, bronchodilator, proinflammatory

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9
Q

PGF2

A

vasoconstrictor, broncho constrictor

asthma

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10
Q

Leukotrienes

A

bronchoconstrictors

edema, asthma, inflammation

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11
Q

PGI2 drug

A

Epoprostenol

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12
Q

PGE1 drug

A

Misoprostol, Alprostadil

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13
Q

PGE2

A

Dinoprostone

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14
Q

PGF2alpha

A

Latanoprost

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15
Q

Glycoconjugates

A

proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, glycolipids

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16
Q

Functions Glycoconjugates

A

cell-to-cell adhesion, cell signaling, bacteria receptors, gene regulation, immune response, protein sorting

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17
Q

Sugars in Glycans

A

hexose, hexosamines, uronic acid, deoxyhexose, sialic acid

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18
Q

Glycoprotein

A

mostly protein
short chain
branched

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19
Q

Proteoglycan

A

mostly carbohydrate - sugar
long chain
linear

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20
Q

GAGs

A 
Chondroitin sulfate
Keratin sulfate
Hyaluronic Acid
Dermatan sulfate
Heparin
Heparan sulfate
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21
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

cartilage, tendon, bone

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22
Q

Heparan sulfate

A

basement membrane

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23
Q

Keratin sulfate

A

cartilage, cornea, bone

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24
Q

heparin

A

mast cells

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25
Q

Hyaluronic Acid

A

non-sulfated GAG

joint, ocular, cartilage

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26
Q

O-linked glycosylation

A

GalNAcaplha1-Ser/Thr
post-translational
Golgi

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27
Q

N-linked glycosylation

A

Glc NAc B1 - Asn
co-translational
ER

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28
Q

Mucin

A

O-glycosylated, bottle brush

serine, threonine, proline

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29
Q

Aggrecan

A

core protein + GAG

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30
Q

N-glycosylation

A

cytoplasm –> RER –> Golgi

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31
Q

Glycosyl Phosphatidyl Inositol

A

Cancer marker

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32
Q

Blood group antigens

A

Type A - A antigen
Type B - B antigen
Type AB - A and B antigen
Type O - no antigens

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33
Q

Bacitracin

A

Neosporin anitbiotic

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34
Q

Vancomycin

A

inhibit GAG

Staph last line defense

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35
Q

Non-polar Lipids

A

TAGs

36
Q

Polar Lipids

A

membrans

phospholipids, sphingolipids

37
Q

Phospholipid types

A

Phosphatidylserine, PS
Phosphatidylethanolamine, PE
Phosphatidylcholine, PC

38
Q

Polar group formation

A

N base + DAG –> PC or PE

39
Q

Secondary polar formation pathway

A

choline

40
Q

Cardiolipid

A

2 phosphatidic acid linked thru glycerol

41
Q

PAF - platelet aggregating factor

A

inflammatory

42
Q

PI - phosphoinositides

A

PIP2 –> Gq signaling

43
Q

Plasmalogens

A

myelin - ethanol

heart - choline

44
Q

Degradation Phospholipids

A

phospholipase

breaks down B-amyloid

45
Q

Sphingolipid

A

myelin - 18% protein

76% - lipid

46
Q

Ceramide products

A

sphingomyelin
globosides
gangliosides
glucocerebroside

47
Q

Glycosphingolipids

A

highest in nerve cells

48
Q

Cerebroside

A

ceramide + glu/galactose

49
Q

Sulfatides

A

ceramide + 1 sulfated sugar

50
Q

Globosides

A

Ceramide + 3 sugars N-sugar

51
Q

Gangliosides

A

ceramide + 3 NANA sugars

52
Q

Tay-Sachs

A

Deficiency: hexoaminidase A
Storage: ganglioside

53
Q

Fabry’s

A

Deficiency: a-Galactosidase
Storage: Trihexosylceramide

54
Q

Gaucher’s

A

Deficiency: Glucocerebrosidase
Storage: Glucocerebroside

55
Q

Niemann Pick

A

Deficiency: sphingomyelinase
Storage: sphingomyelin

56
Q

Cholesterol - Rate limiting step

A

HMG CoA Reductase

57
Q

Cholesterol properties

A

hydrophobic
membrane component
precursor bile acid, salt, steroids, Vit D

58
Q

Cholesterol intake

A

3 oz meat

< 200 mg day

59
Q

Cholesterol Synthesis

A

3 acetyl CoA –> HMG CoA –> HMG CoA Reductase –> mevalonic acid –> cholesterol

60
Q

ATP for cholesterol

A

glucose, FA, proteins

61
Q

NADPH for cholesterol

A

HMPS, glucose 6P DH, malic enzyme

62
Q

Synthesis cholesterol

A

liver, adrenal cortex, intestine, ER

NADPH and ATP

63
Q

HMG CoA Synthase fate

A

cytosolic –> cholesterol

mitochondria –> ketone bodies

64
Q

Cholesterol drugs

A

Statins, Lipitor, Vyterin, Zocur

65
Q

Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

A

mutation DHCR-7

decrease [cholesterol]

66
Q

Cholesterol transcription factor

A

SREBP

67
Q

Cholesterol Regulation

A
  1. SREBP transcription factor
  2. Protein degradation - ubiquitin
  3. Covalent modification - active under high [AMP]
  4. Hormonal - increase by insulin, thyroxine; decrease by glucagon, glucocorticoids
68
Q

DHCR-7 gene

A

last step of cholesterol synthesis

69
Q

Bile

A

watery mix organic and inorganic compounds

lecthin, bile salt, bilirubin

70
Q

Bile Salt

A

made in liver

aid in fat emulsification and CCK absorption

71
Q

Bile acid –> salt

A

bile acid + glycine/taurine –> bile salt

72
Q

Detergent

A

emulsify fat to make micelles

absorb and transport fat soluble vitamins

73
Q

Bile salt

A

only significant way remove cholesterol from body

74
Q

Bile acid structure

A

protonate COOH

cholic, chenodexycholic

75
Q

Bile salt structure

A

deprotonated - ionized
COO- Na+
deoxycholic, lithcholic

76
Q

Primary Bile Acid

A

pKa 6

77
Q

Conjugated Bile acid

A

very good emulsifyer

drop pKa –> increase ionization –> emulsification

78
Q

Rate limiting step Bile Acid

A

7 alpha hydroxylase = CYP7A1

79
Q

Cholelithiatus

A

Gallstones
increases bilirubin
drugs: ursodiol, lithotripsy

80
Q

Bile Acid Sequestrates

A

prevents enterohepatic bile salt recirculation

decreases liver cholesterol by SREBP

81
Q

I-Cells

A

secrete CCK

82
Q

Pancreatic juice

A

degrades TAGs, cholesterol, phospholipids –> FFA, MAG, DAG, free cholesterol, fat-sol vitamins

83
Q

Micelle

A

bile salt surface
hydrophobic - inside
hydrophilic - outside

84
Q

Primary lipid absorption transporter

A

NPCIL1

duodenum, jejunum

85
Q

Ileum absorbs:

A

free fatty acids

MAG, lysophospholipids

86
Q

Bile Acid reabsorption

A

Terminal ileum

Biochem (4 decks)

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