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Biochem > Exam III - Lipids, TAG, Lipoproteins > Flashcards

Exam III - Lipids, TAG, Lipoproteins Flashcards

1
Q

FA Sources

A

Diet: TAG, FA, phospholipid

De novo

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2
Q

FA Synthesis sites

A

liver, adipose, mammary gland

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3
Q

Committed/Rate limiting step FA synthesis

A

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

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4
Q

Carboxylation Acetyl CoA –> Malonyl CoA

A

Biotin dependent

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5
Q

Monomers for FA synthesis

A

Thiol ACP

Thiol Cys

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6
Q

How FA synthesizes

A

omega to alpha end

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7
Q

FA Elongation

A

Condensation, KS
Reduction, KR
Dehydration, D
Reduction, ER

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8
Q

FA final product

A

Palmitic Acid 16:0

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9
Q

Regulation FA Synthesis

A

ATP : citrate lyase
Acetyl CoA carboxylase - allosteric, covalent, gene expression
Fatty acid synthase

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10
Q

+ FA Synthesis

A

insulin, dephosphorylation

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11
Q
  • FA Synthesis
A

AMP, AMP Kinase, Glucagon, Ep

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12
Q

Elongation FA

A

smooth ER, mitchondria
SER: malonyl CoA
acetyl CoA: mito

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13
Q

Beta oxidation rate limiting step

A

carnitine palmitoyl transferase

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14
Q

Desaturation

A

double bonds in ER

NADH, Cytochrome b5, desaturase

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15
Q

omega FA antioxidants

A

20: 5 EPA
22: 6 DHA

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16
Q

FA oxidation

A

beta oxidation - mitochondria

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17
Q

Phase II beta oxidation

A

oxidation
hydration
oxidation
lysis

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18
Q

Carnitine palmitoyl transferase

A

CPT 1- OMM, forward

CPT 2- IMM, reverse

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19
Q

TAG

A

3 FA + glycerol

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20
Q

TAG synthesis

A

GPAT –> AGPAT –> PAP –> DAG –> DGAT –> TAG

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21
Q

TAG synthesis - small intestine

A

MAG –> MGAT –> DAG –> DGAT –> TAG

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22
Q

Regulation TAG synthesis

A

AGPAT2

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23
Q

TAG –> DAG

A

HSL: hormone sensitive lipase

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24
Q

Oxidation 1 palmitic acid

A

129 ATP

oxidized in liver and muscle

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25
Q

Beta oxidation energy yield

A 
1 FADH2 = 2 ATP
1 NADH = 3 ATP
1 acetyl CoA = 7 ATP
- 2 ATP 
= 129 for palmitic acid
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26
Q

FA B-oxidation regulation

A

malonyl –X–> CPT-1

ACC - acetyl CoA carboxylase

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27
Q

Odd chain FA

A

propionyl CoA - 3C

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28
Q

Peroxisomal B-oxidation

A

VLCFA

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29
Q

Peroxisomal a-oxidation

A

Phytanic acid

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30
Q

Ketone bodies

A

23 ATP
only made in liver mitochondria
used in starvation

31
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Increase: HSL, TAG lysis, FA ox, acetyl CoA, NADH, PEPCK
Decrease: malonyl CoA, TCA, OAA, citrate

32
Q

Lipid Function

A

energy storage
membrane structure
cell signaling
insulation

33
Q

Lipid classification

A

storage lipid

membrane lipid

34
Q

Types of Lipid

A

FA, TAG, Phospholipid, steroid, glycolipid

35
Q

Phospholipid digestion

A

phospholipase A2

micelle in ileum

36
Q

Cholesterol digestion

A

cholesterol esterase

free cholesterol in duodenum and jejunum

37
Q

TAG digestion

A

micelle + bile salt

38
Q

Micelle components

A

FA, cholesterol, MAG

Vitamin A, D, E, K

39
Q

Saturated FA

A

0 double bonds

solid at room temp

40
Q

LCFA

A

14 - 22 C

41
Q

Palmitic acid

A

16:0

42
Q

Stearic acid

A

18:0

most abundant

43
Q

Monounsaturated FA

A

1 double bond

44
Q

Polyunsaturated FA

A

2 double bonds

arachidonic acid - eicosanoids

45
Q

Unsaturated FA

A

liquid at room temp

double bonds

46
Q

TAG Digestion

A 
lingual lipase
gastric lipase
SCFA
HCO3-
bile salt and micelle
47
Q

Lingual Lipase

A

SCFA, MCFA

48
Q

Gastric Lipase

A

SCFA, MCFA

49
Q

Pancreatic Lipase

A

phospholipase
cholesterol esterase
TAGs

50
Q

Pancreatic enzymes

A

CCK, Secretin

51
Q

Malabsorption FA

A

Orlistat, Olestra

52
Q

Lipoprotein

A

Lipid + apoprotein

53
Q

Apoprotein

A

cell-surface receptors

synthesized in liver and intestine

54
Q

Chylomicron

A

largest and least dense
dietary lipid –> peripheral tissue
90% TG

55
Q

VLDL

A

hepatic lipids
60% TG
high cholesterol, low TAG

56
Q

LDL

A

hepatic cholesterol

57
Q

HDL

A

reverse cholesterol and apoprotein carrier
largest # apoproteins
most dense

58
Q

ApoB 48

A

lipids loaded in SER

59
Q

ApoC II

A

activated lipoprotein lipase

60
Q

Apo E3

A

receptor recognition

61
Q

Blood cholesterol guidelines

A

< 200 mg
LDL < 130
Total HDL 3.5:1

62
Q

Milky lymph

A

chylomicrons

63
Q

ApoB

A

Liver - ApoB 100

Intestine - Apo B48

64
Q

LPL

A

hydrolyzes TG

65
Q

CETP - cholesterol ester transfer protein

A

VLDL modified in plasma

66
Q

Conversion VLDL

A

IDL –> LDL by HTGL

67
Q

LCAT

A

Lecthin cholesterol acyl transferase + ApoA1 –> HDL

68
Q

ApoCII and ApoE

A

chylomicrons and VLDL

69
Q

HDL2

A

HDL2 –> SRB-1 –> conversion HDL2–>HDL3

70
Q

SREBP2

A

Sterol regulatory element binding protein

integral ER membrane bound transcription factor

71
Q

ACAT

A

acyl CoA cholesterol acyltransferase

72
Q

atherosclerotic

A

plaque

scavenger receptors: SR-A

73
Q

LDL High Cholesterol

A

INSIG binds SREBP-SCAP

increases LDL in plasma

74
Q

LDL Low Cholesterol

A

SREBP –> golgi + SCAP
binds SRE
increases LDL receptors, cholesterol synthesis, HMG-CoA reductase

Biochem (4 decks)

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