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MAT-1140-LD05.2023FA > Exam Ch 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Exam Ch 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Statistics is an investigation process that involves:

A

Formulate questions
Collect data needed to answer the questions
Describe the data
Draw conclusions using appropriate methods

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2
Q

Statistics

A

the study of procedures for collecting, describing, and drawing conclusions from information

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3
Q

Population

A

ALL; the entire collection of individuals that the data is beings gathered from

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4
Q

Sample

A

A subset of a population

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5
Q

Census

A

info gathered from an entire population

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6
Q

Sampling

A

the process of gathering information from a sample of a population

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7
Q

Simple Random Sample (SRS)

A

The entire population has an equal chance of selection from the beginning to the end of the selection process

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8
Q

Sample of convenience

A

“a non-probability sampling method where units are selected for inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the researcher to access.”

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9
Q

Stratified Random Sample

A

the population is divided into groups (strata) based on characteristics and then an SRS is done on each strata

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10
Q

Cluster

A

the population is divided by location, and then an SRS is done on everything in the group

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11
Q

Systematic Sampling

A

Ordered and every Kth item is chosen

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12
Q

Voluntary Response Sample

A

used by the media to try to engage the audience

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13
Q

Statistic (Stat)

A

Sample

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14
Q

Parameter

A

Population

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15
Q

Variables

A

characteristics (color, weight, shape, taste)

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16
Q

Data

A

the value of the characteristic (1/red .35lds round sweet)

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17
Q

Data set

A

All information collected (1/red .35lds round sweet 2/purple .62lbs round sweet 3/yellow .85 round tart)

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18
Q

Qualitative

A

Characteristics

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19
Q

Quantitative

A

Measurements

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20
Q

Nominal

A

sort and count

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21
Q

Ordinal

A

sort and order in a meaningful way

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22
Q

Nominal is

A

qualitative

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23
Q

Ordinal is

A

qualitative

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24
Q

Discrete

A

countable

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25
Q

Continuous

A

Exist on a range

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26
Q

Types of number

A

Discrete and Continuous

27
Q

Interval is

A

quantitative

28
Q

Ratio is

A

quantitative

29
Q

Levels of measurement

A

nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio

30
Q

time is

A

quantitative

31
Q

Interval

A

Zero is a location, zero does not mean the absence of the quantity

32
Q

Ratio

A

Zero means none, zero means the absence of the quantity

33
Q

Experimental units

A

-individuals who are studied

34
Q

Experiment

A

“Do something”

35
Q

Outcome / Response

A

What is measured on each experimental unit

36
Q

Treatments

A

procedures applied

37
Q

Randomized experiment

A

a study in which the investigator assigns treatments to the experimental units at random

38
Q

Observational study

A

the assignment to treatment groups is not made by the investigator.

39
Q

Double-blind

A

When neither the investigators nor the subjects know who has been assigned to which treatment

40
Q

Completely Random Experiment

A

No restriction on which subjects may be assigned which treatment

41
Q

Confound

A

a variable that is related to both the treatment and the outcome

42
Q

Observational Studies

A

Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies

43
Q

Cohort Study

A

A group of subjects are studied to determine whether various factors of interest are associated with an outcome

44
Q

Prospective Cohort study

A

Subjects are followed over time

45
Q

Cross-sectional cohort study

A

Measurements are taken at one point in time

46
Q

Retrospective Cohort Study

A

Subjects are sampled after the outcome has occurred

47
Q

Case-control study

A

two samples where one has a disease (the case) and the other does not (the controls) are looked at by the investigator to determine whether a factor of interest differs between the groups.

48
Q

Frequency

A

number of times

49
Q

Frequency distribution

A

a table

50
Q

Bar graph

A

graphical representation

51
Q

Pareto Chart

A

in order (from greatest to least)

52
Q

horizontal bar

A

long named frequency

53
Q

side-by-side bar graph

A

compare two bar graphs of the same categories

54
Q

Pie Chart

A

circle

55
Q

Histogram

A

bar graph with touching bars

56
Q

Skew to the right/positive skewed

A

Right-hand tail

57
Q

Skew to the left/negative skewed

A

Left-hand tail

58
Q

Symmetric

A

right mirrors the left

59
Q

Bell shaped/Single peak/Symmetric

A

histogram with single peak in the middle

60
Q

Uniform

A

approximately the same

61
Q

Unimodal

A

One mode

62
Q

Bimodal

A

Two modes

63
Q

Class midpoint

A

Lower limit for a class + Lower limit of next class/ 2

MAT-1140-LD05.2023FA (1 decks)

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