Exam

Question 1

Define Argument

Answer 1

An argument is a collection of propositions (premises) used to support a conclusion

Question 2

Define Proposition

Answer 2

A proposition is a declarative statement with truth values

E.g Claim, assertion

Question 3

A proposition must have a ________ and ___________

Answer 3

A proposition must have a SUBJECT and PREDICATE (the information)

Question 4

Define Conclusion

Answer 4

A statement that is supported by premises and promotes a belief

Question 5

Define Premise

Answer 5

Propositions/reasons used to support the conclusion

Question 6

Define Vagueness

Answer 6

A proposition where the truth value is unclear due to fuzzy boundaries

E.g Alfred is tall

Question 7

Define Ambiguous

Answer 7

If the truth value of the proposition could have multiple meanings

E.g The duchess can’t bear children

Question 8

Subjective Proposition

Answer 8

The Truth Value is dependent on personal opinion

Question 9

Objective Proposition

Answer 9

The Truth Value is not dependant on personal opinion

Question 10

Define Valid Argument

Answer 10

An argument with a structure such that if the premise is true than the conclusion is guaranteed

Question 11

Define Invalid

Answer 11

An argument with a structure such that if the premises are true the conclusion is not guaranteed

Question 12

Define Strong Argument

Answer 12

An argument with a structure such that if the premises were true than the conclusion would be likely

Question 13

Define Weak Argument

Answer 13

An argument with a structure such that if the premise were true than the conclusion would be unlikely

Question 14

Define Sound Argument

Answer 14

An argument with a valid structure and true premises

Question 15

Define Unsound Argument

Answer 15

An argument which either an invalid structure or a false premise

Question 16

Disjunctive Syllogism

Answer 16

Valid

A or B
Not B
A

Question 17

Conditional Propositions contain __________ and ____________

Answer 17

Conditional Propositions contain an antecedent and consequent

Question 18

Valid Forms of Conditional Proposition

Answer 18

AA + DC

Affirming Antecedent and Denying Consequent

Question 19

Invalid Forms of Conditional Propositions

Answer 19

AC + DA

Affirming Consequent and Denying Antecedent

Question 20

Affirming Antecedent - Modus Ponens

Answer 20

If A, then B
A
B

Question 21

Denying the Consequent - Modus Tollens

Answer 21

If A, then B
Not B
Not A

Question 22

Hypothetical Syllogism

Answer 22

If A, then B
If B, then C
So If A then C

Question 23

Hypothetical Fallacy

Answer 23

Slippery Slope Fallacy
Weak/False Conditional

Valid and Unsound

Question 24

Disjunctive Fallacy

Answer 24

False Dilemma
Dodgy Disjunction

Either you vote labour or you hate refugees

Valid Unsound