Exam 6

Question 1

Digestive Tract wall and the order

Answer 1

Mucosa - Inner-most layer where the most absorption happens
Submucosa - Secretory glands, this layer supports the mucosa
Muscularis - Controls contractions and peristatic movement in the GI tract
Serosa - Gives strength to digestive tract and separates internal organs from the abdominal cavity

Question 2

Duodenum

Answer 2

Where small intestine begins, absorption of vitamins and minerals start here.

Question 3

Jejunum

Answer 3

Second Part of small intestine, absorbs amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids

Question 4

Ileum

Answer 4

Last part of the small intestine, ends at the cecum. absorbs any final nutrients, usually b12 and bile acids

Question 5

Function of the small intestine

Answer 5

Breakdown food, absorbs nutrients, extract water, and move food through GI tract

Question 6

Large Intestine Function

Answer 6

Absorbing water, electrolytes, and vitamins, propelling stool towards rectum for elimination.

Question 7

Large Intestine Order

Answer 7

Ascending (UP), Transcending (SIDEWAYS), Descending (Down)

Question 8

Colostomy

Answer 8

Surgical opening to colon, allows stool to bypass diseased or damaged part of colon. (Can be temporary or permanent)

Question 9

Jejunostomy

Answer 9

Tube inserted into jejunum part of small intestine to deliver food, nutrients, and medicine

Question 10

Ileostomy

Answer 10

Surgical opening in small intestine used to evacuate stool from the Ileum part of the small intestine rather than the rectum.

Question 11

NGT Insertion

Answer 11

An NG Tube is inserted into the stomach via the nasopharynx. This tube is used to remove gas, fluids, or toxic substances from the stomach to diagnose GI problems, obtain secretions, or to administer fluid and nutrients into the stomach. If patient is receiving feeding via NG Tube have bed elevated to at least 30 degrees. Tube should be contained to patients nose. Patients tend to breathe through their mouth after insertion. Preform oral care every 2 hours for comfort.

Question 12

Tube carrying urine out of the body

Answer 12

Urethra

Question 13

Urinary System Primary Organ

Answer 13

Kidney’s

Question 14

Kidney’s Function

Answer 14

Excrete toxins and nitrogenous waste. Regulate chemicals in blood. Maintain Water balance. Helps regulate blood pressure and blood volume. Helps regulate blood cell production by secreting Erythroprotein (EPO).

Question 15

Functions of the nurse when a patient is admitted:

Answer 15

First contact between the nurses and patient is important. A way to ease the patients anxiety and promote cooperation and positive response to treatment is to convey concern for the patient while implementing efficient admission routines. Explanations about facility policies, information about medical orders and procedures, and simple direct answers to common questions from the patient or family help the patient to feel more comfortable and in control of their situation

Question 16

Behaviors of newcomers to a hospital

Answer 16

Every persons reaction to admission b to a health care facility is unique. Some reactions include fear of the unknown, loss of identity, disorientation, separation anxiety, and loneliness.

Question 17

Reducing stress in patients

Answer 17

Use therapeutic/empathetic communication. The nurse should also help the patient orient themselves around their room and environment. Involve them in their plan of care and answer any questions the patient may have will alleviate much of their fear and anxiety upon admission to their environment.

Question 18

Discharge Planning

Answer 18

is defined as the systematic process of planning for patient care after a patient discharges from a hospital or health care facility. Discharge planning starts the second a patient is admitted.

Question 19

Acute Pain

Answer 19

is pain that begins abruptly with marked intensity of severe signs and symptoms and then ouster subsides after a period of time, typically lasting for (up to 6 months.) Appendicitis is considered acute.

Question 20

Chronic Pain

Answer 20

Develops over time and persists over a long period of time, often a persons lifetime. (6 months and beyond) Pain from Diabetes Mellitus is considered chronic

Question 21

Subjective Data for pain

Answer 21

The nurse encourages a full description by the patient of the onset, the course, and the character of the problem and any factors that aggravate or alleviate it.

Question 22

Objective Data for pain

Answer 22

In a nursing assessment, signs are objective data as perceived by the nurse. What the nurse sees, hears, measures, and feels are considered objective data.

Question 23

Pain assessment

Answer 23

use a pain rating scale to assess pain intensity systematically and manage pain. The most used numeric scale is 0-10. Ask the patient to rate pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Ratings of 3-5 are considered mild pain, ratings of
5-7 are considered moderate pain, and ratings greater than 7 are considered severe pain. Some agencies use a scale of 0-5. For children, use happy and sad faces to rate the pain. For clinical assessment, any of these scales is adequate and appropriate. However, always use the same scale with the same patient.

Question 24

Before any procedure is performed

Answer 24

The practitioner has the legal duty to obtain informed consent before any medical procedure is performed.

Question 25

24 Hour Urine Collection

Answer 25

Used to monitor urine output, track proteins in urine and overall kidney health

Question 26

why are urinary catheters used

Answer 26

For patients retaining urine or urinary incontinence

Question 27

Why are intermittent catheters used

Answer 27

Used for patients retaining urine, allows patient to have autonomy. (Self Cath)

Question 28

Mid stream urine collection (Clean catch)

Answer 28

A clean catch urine sample is a urine sample where a patient urinates for 3-5 seconds or about 30 mls and then catches the rest of the urine sample for testing. This method is used because their is often prevent bacteria and unwanted proteins in urine sample