Exam 4 prep Flashcards
In a natural population, the most common genotype is often called _____.
Wild Type
There _____ be more than one wild-type allele.
can
A _____ mutation decreases survival and reproductive success.
deleterious
Some mutations only affect phenotype under a certain set of conditions; these are called _____ mutations.
conditional
What is the role of the tracrRNA in the CRISPR-Cas9 genome defense system?
tracrRNA is a guide that brings the tracrRNA-crRNA complex to a Cas9 protien
T/F Mutations only have an effect when they affect protein-coding regions.
F
T/F Some mutations can make a promoter more efficient.
T
T/F All suppressor mutations are also considered reversion mutations.
F
T/F Translocations never change gene expression, just where a gene is located.
F
T/F In animals, somatic mutations will not be passed onto an organism’s progeny.
T
What is the significance of the different spacers within the Crispr gene?
Each spacer is derived from a past bacteriophage infection, in either the current cell or in its predecessors.
In Drosophila, an ncRNA called RoX is involved in dosage compensation. RoX is part of the MSL complex, which binds to the X chromosome and recruits histone-modifying enzymes to the chromatin. RoX is required for the MSL to bind to the X chromosome.
What function is this ncRNA playing?
Guide
Place the statements referring to microRNA biosynthesis in the correct order
Rank the options below.
RISC RNA complex binds to mRNA targets
mRNA shuttled to P-body or degraded
Transcription produces pri-miRNA
Folding of pri-miRNA into a hairpin loop
pre-miRNA or pre-siRNA digested by Dicer
Processed by Drosha and DGCR8 and exported from nucleus by exportin 5
5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 3
The general name for a change in a single base pair.
point mutation
Purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine change.
Transition
Purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine change.
Trans-version
A nucleotide change within a coding region that produces no change to the amino acid sequence.
Silent mutation
A nucleotide change within a coding region that changes one amino acid to another in the protein.
missense mutation
A nucleotide change within a coding region that changes a sense codon to a stop codon.
Nonsense mutation
Cells that give rise to the gametes.
Germ line cells
Mutation that can be passed on to offspring.
Germ line mutation
All cells of the body excluding the gametes or cells that can give rise to the gametes.
Somatic cells
A mutation that cannot be passed on to the offspring in animals.
Somatic mutation
An individual that has somatic regions that are genotypically different from each other.
Genetic mosaic
RNaseP functions as an endonuclease that cleaves tRNA. RNaseP is a _________blank.
Ribozyme
Proteins containing an SRP are destined for what locations?
Check All That Apply
ER ER Golgi Golgi Lysosomes Lysosomes Vacuoles Vacuoles Extracellular space Extracellular space Nucleus Nucleus Cytosol
ER, Golgi, Extracellular space, Lysosomes, vacuoles
A bacteriophage infects a ____ cell.
Bacterial
The _____ and _____ proteins form a complex that cleaves the bacteriophage DNA into small pieces.
Cas9; tracrRNAs
A piece of bacteriophage DNA is inserted into the _____ gene.
Crispr
pre-crRNA and _____ bind to each other due to complementary base pairing at the _____. The pre-crRNA is cleaved into several crRNAs.
tracrRNAs; repeats
Each tracrRNA-crRNA complex binds to a _____ protein. This complex binds to bacteriophage DNA due to complementary base pairing at the _____.
Cas9; spacer
The bacteriophage DNA is cleaved by _____, and the bacteriophage is thus activated.
Cas9
