Exam 4 prep

Question 1

In a natural population, the most common genotype is often called _____.

Answer 1

Wild Type

Question 2

There _____ be more than one wild-type allele.

Answer 2

can

Question 3

A _____ mutation decreases survival and reproductive success.

Answer 3

deleterious

Question 4

Some mutations only affect phenotype under a certain set of conditions; these are called _____ mutations.

Answer 4

conditional

Question 5

What is the role of the tracrRNA in the CRISPR-Cas9 genome defense system?

Answer 5

tracrRNA is a guide that brings the tracrRNA-crRNA complex to a Cas9 protien

Question 6

T/F Mutations only have an effect when they affect protein-coding regions.

Answer 6

F

Question 7

T/F Some mutations can make a promoter more efficient.

Answer 7

T

Question 8

T/F All suppressor mutations are also considered reversion mutations.

Answer 8

F

Question 9

T/F Translocations never change gene expression, just where a gene is located.

Answer 9

F

Question 10

T/F In animals, somatic mutations will not be passed onto an organism’s progeny.

Answer 10

T

Question 11

What is the significance of the different spacers within the Crispr gene?

Answer 11

Each spacer is derived from a past bacteriophage infection, in either the current cell or in its predecessors.

Question 12

In Drosophila, an ncRNA called RoX is involved in dosage compensation. RoX is part of the MSL complex, which binds to the X chromosome and recruits histone-modifying enzymes to the chromatin. RoX is required for the MSL to bind to the X chromosome.

What function is this ncRNA playing?

Answer 12

Guide

Question 13

Place the statements referring to microRNA biosynthesis in the correct order
Rank the options below.

RISC RNA complex binds to mRNA targets

mRNA shuttled to P-body or degraded

Transcription produces pri-miRNA

Folding of pri-miRNA into a hairpin loop

pre-miRNA or pre-siRNA digested by Dicer

Processed by Drosha and DGCR8 and exported from nucleus by exportin 5

Answer 13

5, 6, 1, 2, 4, 3

Question 14

The general name for a change in a single base pair.

Answer 14

point mutation

Question 15

Purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine change.

Answer 15

Transition

Question 16

Purine to pyrimidine or pyrimidine to purine change.

Answer 16

Trans-version

Question 17

A nucleotide change within a coding region that produces no change to the amino acid sequence.

Answer 17

Silent mutation

Question 18

A nucleotide change within a coding region that changes one amino acid to another in the protein.

Answer 18

missense mutation

Question 19

A nucleotide change within a coding region that changes a sense codon to a stop codon.

Answer 19

Nonsense mutation

Question 20

Cells that give rise to the gametes.

Answer 20

Germ line cells

Question 21

Mutation that can be passed on to offspring.

Answer 21

Germ line mutation

Question 22

All cells of the body excluding the gametes or cells that can give rise to the gametes.

Answer 22

Somatic cells

Question 23

A mutation that cannot be passed on to the offspring in animals.

Answer 23

Somatic mutation

Question 24

An individual that has somatic regions that are genotypically different from each other.

Answer 24

Genetic mosaic

Question 25

RNaseP functions as an endonuclease that cleaves tRNA. RNaseP is a _________blank.

Answer 25

Ribozyme

Question 26

Proteins containing an SRP are destined for what locations?
Check All That Apply

ER ER
Golgi Golgi
Lysosomes Lysosomes
Vacuoles Vacuoles
Extracellular space Extracellular space
Nucleus Nucleus
Cytosol

Answer 26

ER, Golgi, Extracellular space, Lysosomes, vacuoles

Question 27

A bacteriophage infects a ____ cell.

Answer 27

Bacterial

Question 28

The _____ and _____ proteins form a complex that cleaves the bacteriophage DNA into small pieces.

Answer 28

Cas9; tracrRNAs

Question 29

A piece of bacteriophage DNA is inserted into the _____ gene.

Answer 29

Crispr

Question 30

pre-crRNA and _____ bind to each other due to complementary base pairing at the _____. The pre-crRNA is cleaved into several crRNAs.

Answer 30

tracrRNAs; repeats

Question 31

Each tracrRNA-crRNA complex binds to a _____ protein. This complex binds to bacteriophage DNA due to complementary base pairing at the _____.

Answer 31

Cas9; spacer

Question 32

The bacteriophage DNA is cleaved by _____, and the bacteriophage is thus activated.

Answer 32

Cas9