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neuropharm final > exam 4- opiates > Flashcards

exam 4- opiates Flashcards

1
Q

opiate sedative/hypnotic effects affect ______ _____

A

cerebral cortex

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2
Q

opiate euphoria affects ____ system/_______ accumbens

A

limbic, nucleus

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3
Q

opiate analgesia affects brainstem, spinal cord, and _______

A

thalamus

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4
Q

opiate respiratory depression, cough reflex suppression, nausea/vomiting affects ____

A

medulla

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5
Q

are all opiate receptors metabotropic?

A

yes

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6
Q

Activation of opiate receptors leads to _____ in neuronal activity

A

decreases

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7
Q

what are the three opiate receptor names?

A

*Mu (µ) receptors
*Delta () receptors
* Kappa () receptors

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8
Q

opiate receptors are BOTH pre and postsynaptic; located in many areas of
the ______ and ______ cord

A

brain, spinal

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9
Q

(1) How do Narcotics (Opiates) Produce Euphoria?

opiates/narcotics produce euphoria –> make _____ in nucleus accumbens

A

dopamine

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10
Q

(2) How do Narcotics (Opiates) Produce Euphoria?

heroin is converted to ____ in the brain, acting at mu (μ) and delta (δ) receptors expressed on ______ GABA receptors

A

morphine, inhibitory

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11
Q

(3) How do Narcotics (Opiates) Produce Euphoria?

binding causes ______ in released GABA

A

decrease

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12
Q

overall, narcotics/opiates produce euphoria by inhibiting inhibition –> ______ dopamine

A

increased

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13
Q

opiates have ____ action (inhibitory/excitatory) on brain

A

inhibitory

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14
Q

opiates _____ GABA

A

decrease

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15
Q

cross-tolerance occurs for all _____

A

opiods

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16
Q

continued use –> tolerance of ___ effects

A

opiate

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17
Q

for opiates, very little ____ for constipation, pupil constriction

A

tolerance

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18
Q

fastest opioid tolerance for ____ properties

A

euphoric

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19
Q

opioid tolerance mechanisms include

(1) metabolic tolerance –> slight increase in ____ enzyme

(2) Receptor desensitization and down-regulation of opiate receptors

(3) context-dependent tolerance/psychological conditioning

A

liver

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20
Q

with opioids, you develop both a physical and ____ dependence

A

psychological

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21
Q

is rats self-administering opiates an example of reinforcing behavior?

A

yes

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22
Q

is rats self-administering opiates an example of psychological dependence?

A

yes

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23
Q

would an example of psychological dependence be the increase of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens –> euphoria?

A

yes

24
Q

would an example of psychological dependence be acts associated with a drug producing euphoria?

A

yes

25
Q

Withdrawal symptoms (they are serious, intense) are the exact _____ of the opiate effects

A

opposite

26
Q

Intensity and duration of opioid withdrawal _____ related to intensity and duration of drug effects

A

DIRECTLY

27
Q

is opioid withdrawal ever fatal on its own?

A

no

28
Q

when do opioid withdrawal symptoms appear?

A

after 6-12 hours

29
Q

when do opioid withdrawal symptoms peak?

A

26-72 hours

30
Q

when do opioid withdrawal symptoms cease?

A

completely over in a week

31
Q

methadone is the most common ____ addiction treatment

A

opioid

32
Q

_____ works by suppressing opioid withdrawal and blocks effects/lowers cravings of other opioids

A

methadone

33
Q

methadone is a long-acting ____ receptor

A

Mu (µ)

34
Q

methadone has analgesic activity, efficacy by _____ route, persistent success if repeated, and extended duration of pausing withdrawal symptoms in physically dep ppl

A

oral

35
Q

which has a higher half life, buprenorphine or methadone?

A

buprenorphine (36-48 hour half life)

36
Q

what kind of drug comes from opium poppy (syn by Frederic serturner)

  • killed chloe price
A

morphine

37
Q

would giving and opiate antagonist naloxone block opiate effects? what kind of treatment is this?

A

yes, antagonistic treatment

38
Q

for opioid dependence, detox is ____ effective

A

not

39
Q

an example of maintenance therapy would be methadone

A

yes

40
Q

does methadone produce more socially
acceptable behavior than more potent opiates?

A

yes

41
Q

some addicts spontaneously stop using _____

A

opiates

42
Q

mu receptor intrinsic activity increases from naltrexone to ______ to _______

A

buprenorphine, methadone

43
Q

naltrexone is a ______ (antagonist, full agonist, partial agonist)

A

antagonist

44
Q

methadone is a ______ (antagonist, full agonist, partial agonist)

A

full agonist

45
Q

buprenorphine is a ______ (antagonist, full agonist, partial agonist)

A

partial antagonist

46
Q

____ is 3x more potent than morphine

A

heroin

47
Q

oil/water partition coefficient increased by adding _____ groups to morphine

A

acteyl

48
Q

morphine is made from heroin inside the brain by _____ acetyl groups

A

removing

49
Q

heroin has more acetyl groups than _____

A

morphine

50
Q

_____ is 80 times more potent than morphine

A

fentanyl

51
Q

fentanyl is mostly used today for _______ and neuropathic pain

A

anesthesia

52
Q

what is more potent, heroin or fentanyl?

A

fentanyl

53
Q

do heroin and fentanyl have simialr effects?

A

yes

54
Q

the admin routes for _____ are IV, mucosa membrane, and transdermal

A

fentanyl

55
Q

carfentanil is 10,000 more potent than morphine and 100 times more potent than ____

A

fentanyl

56
Q

carfentanil depresses the _____ and ability to breathe, and tiny particles cause life-threatening effects within mins of exposure

A

CNS

neuropharm final (4 decks)

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