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AU14 Drug Mechanisms > Exam 4; Mechanisms > Flashcards

Exam 4; Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

diphenhydramine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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2
Q

clemastine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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3
Q

chlorpheniramine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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4
Q

hydroxyzine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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5
Q

promethazine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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6
Q

tripelennamine

A

H1 receptor blocker (1st gen)

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7
Q

loratadine

A

H1 receptor blocker (2nd gen)

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8
Q

fexofenadine

A

H1 receptor blocker (2nd gen)

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9
Q

desloratadine

A

H1 receptor blocker (2nd gen)

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10
Q

cetirizine

A

H1 receptor blocker (2nd gen)

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11
Q

cimetidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

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12
Q

ranitidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

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13
Q

famotidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

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14
Q

nizatidine

A

H2 receptor blocker

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15
Q

sumatriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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16
Q

rizatriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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17
Q

zolmitriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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18
Q

naratriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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19
Q

almotriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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20
Q

eletriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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21
Q

frovatriptan

A

serotonin receptor agonist

to treat migraine headaches

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22
Q

ergotamine

A

partial serotonin agonist (ergot alkaloids)

to treat migraine headaches

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23
Q

dihydroergotamine

A

partial serotonin agonist (ergot alkaloids)

to treat migraine headaches

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24
Q

epinephrine

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - nonspecific

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25
Q

isoproterenol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - first more specific

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26
Q

albuterol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

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27
Q

pirbuterol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

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28
Q

bitolterol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

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29
Q

levalbuterol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

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30
Q

terbutaline

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - more selective, inhaled

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31
Q

formoterol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - longer acting

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32
Q

arformoterol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - longer acting

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33
Q

salmeterol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - longer acting

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34
Q

indicaterol

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

Beta 2 receptor agonist - longer acting

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35
Q

ipratropium bromide

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

cholinergic blocker - inhibit muscarinic receptors in lung

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36
Q

tiotropium

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

cholinergic blocker - inhibit muscarinic receptors in lung

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37
Q

theophylline

A

bronchodilator to treat asthma

inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase enzyme

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38
Q

cromolyn sodium

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma

inhibit release of mediators from immune cells

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39
Q

nedocromil

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma

inhibit release of mediators from immune cells

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40
Q

beclomethasone

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma
bind intracellular receptors –> alter DNA transcription
inc lipocortin –> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

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41
Q

budesonide

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma
bind intracellular receptors –> alter DNA transcription
inc lipocortin –> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

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42
Q

fluticasone

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma
bind intracellular receptors –> alter DNA transcription
inc lipocortin –> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

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43
Q

mometasone

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma
bind intracellular receptors –> alter DNA transcription
inc lipocortin –> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

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44
Q

ciclesonide

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma
bind intracellular receptors –> alter DNA transcription
inc lipocortin –> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

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45
Q

prednisone

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma (not inhaled)
bind intracellular receptors –> alter DNA transcription
inc lipocortin –> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

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46
Q

dexamethasone

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma (not inhaled)
bind intracellular receptors –> alter DNA transcription
inc lipocortin –> inhibit synthesis of phospholipase A2

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47
Q

omalizumab

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma
binds IgE molecule
anti-IgE antibody

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48
Q

zileuton

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma

inhibits enzyme 5-lipoxygenase –> leukotriene synthesis inhibitor

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49
Q

zafirlukast

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma

leukotriene receptor blocker

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50
Q

montalukast

A

anti-inflammatory to treat asthma

leukotriene receptor blocker

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51
Q

aspirin

A

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

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52
Q

acetaminophen

A

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

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53
Q

ibuprofen

A

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

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54
Q

naproxyn

A

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

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55
Q

fenoprofen

A

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

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56
Q

ketoprofen

A

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

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57
Q

flurbiprofen

A

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

58
Q

oxaprozin

A

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

59
Q

suprofen

A

NSAID, proprionic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

60
Q

indomethacin

A

NSAID, acetic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

61
Q

tolmetin

A

NSAID, acetic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

62
Q

sulindac

A

NSAID, acetic acid derivative

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

63
Q

pyroxicam

A

NSAID, other

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

64
Q

diclofenac

A

NSAID, other

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

65
Q

bromfenac

A

NSAID, other

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

66
Q

nepafenac

A

NSAID, other

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

67
Q

etodolac

A

NSAID, other

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

68
Q

nabumetone

A

NSAID, other

inhibits COX1 and COX2 enzymes

69
Q

celecoxib

A

NSAID

COX2 inhibitor

70
Q

cortisone

A

glucocorticoid “low level”
Immune suppression!
*Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor –> binds DNA
Induces lipocortin I –> inhibits phosphilipase A2 –> inhibits cytokine synthesis

71
Q

hydrocortisone

A

glucocorticoid “low level”
Immune suppression!
*Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor –> binds DNA
Induces lipocortin I –> inhibits phosphilipase A2 –> inhibits cytokine synthesis

72
Q

prednisone

A

glucocorticoid “mid level”
Immune suppression!
*Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor –> binds DNA
Induces lipocortin I –> inhibits phosphilipase A2 –> inhibits cytokine synthesis

73
Q

triamcinolone

A

glucocorticoid “mid level”
Immune suppression!
*Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor –> binds DNA
Induces lipocortin I –> inhibits phosphilipase A2 –> inhibits cytokine synthesis

74
Q

prednisolone

A

glucocorticoid “mid level”
*Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor –> binds DNA
Induces lipocortin I –> inhibits phosphilipase A2 –> inhibits cytokine synthesis

75
Q

dexamethasone

A

glucocorticoid “high level”
Immune suppression!
*Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor –> binds DNA
Induces lipocortin I –> inhibits phosphilipase A2 –> inhibits cytokine synthesis

76
Q

betamethasone

A

glucocorticoid “high level”
Immune suppression!
*Binds and activate cytoplasmic receptor –> binds DNA
Induces lipocortin I –> inhibits phosphilipase A2 –> inhibits cytokine synthesis

77
Q

ATG = atgam,

antithymocyte globulin

A

Immunosuppressant - affect T cell activation

polyclonal antibody

78
Q

abatacept

A

Immunosuppressant - affect T cell activation

bind and inhibit CD80, CD86 receptors

79
Q

belatacept

A

Immunosuppressant - affect T cell activation

80
Q

natalizumab

A

Immunosuppressant - monoclonal antibody

binds alpha-integrins

81
Q

vedolizumab?

A

Immunosuppressant - monoclonal antibody

binds alpha-integrins

82
Q

tocilizumab

A

Immunosuppressant - monoclonal antibody

block IL-6 receptors

83
Q

ustekinumab

A

Immunosuppressant - monoclonal antibody

binds IL-12, IL-23

84
Q

etanercept

A

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

85
Q

infliximab

A

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

86
Q

adalimumab

A

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

87
Q

certolizumab

A

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

88
Q

golimumab

A

Immunosuppressant - bind TNF

89
Q

anakinra

A

Immunosuppressant

blocks IL-1 receptor

90
Q

rilonacept

A

Immunosuppressant

binds IL-1 molecule

91
Q

cyclosporine

A

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process

binds cyclophillin –> inhibits calcineurin phosphatase enzyme –> no NFAT, T cell not activated

92
Q

tacrolimus

A

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process

binds FK binding protein –> inhibits calcineurin phosphatase enzyme –> inhibit cytokine synthesis

93
Q

glucocorticoids

A

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process

inhibits all immune processes

94
Q

sirolimus

A

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process

binds FK binding protein –> *inhibits kinase enzyme –> dec cytokine production

95
Q

everolimus

A

immunosuprressant - blocks internal T cell process

binds FK binding protein –> inhibits kinase enzyme –> dec cytokine production

96
Q

basiliximab

A

immunosuppressant

IL-2 receptor blocker

97
Q

tofacitinib

A

immunosuppressant

Janus kinase inhibitor

98
Q

azathioprine

A

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication
prodrug –> 6-mercaptopurine
inhibits enzymes for GMP/purine synthesis

99
Q

mycophenolate mofetil

A

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication

inhibits enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase for guanosine synthesis

100
Q

methotrexate

A

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication
inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase
folic acid analog

101
Q

leflunomide

A

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication
prodrug –> teriflunomide
inhibit enzyme dihydroorate dehydrogenase –> inhibit pyrimidine synthesis, dec UMP, TMP

102
Q

teriflunomide

A

immunosuppressant - inhibits T cell replication
from prodrug leflunomide
inhibit enzyme dihydroorate dehydrogenase –> inhibit pyrimidine synthesis, dec UMP, TMP

103
Q

hydroxychloroquine

A

immunosupressant

interfers with macrophage processing of antigens

104
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

cancer chemotherapy

cell cycle non-specific - alkylating agent

105
Q

lomustine

A

cancer chemotherapy

cell cycle non-specific - alkylating agent

106
Q

cisplatin

A

cancer chemotherapy

cell cycle non-specific - alkylating agent

107
Q

doxorubicin

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic
intercalates with DNA –> blocks DNA/RNA syntehsis

108
Q

daunorubicin

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic
intercalates with DNA –> blocks DNA/RNA syntehsis

109
Q

“rubicin”s

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic
intercalates with DNA –> blocks DNA/RNA syntehsis

110
Q

dactinomycin

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic
intercalates with DNA –> interferes with mRNA synthesis

111
Q

bleomycin

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic
intercalates with DNA –> DNA strand breakage

112
Q

“mycin”s

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle non-specific - antibiotic
intercalates with DNA

113
Q

methotrexate

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - antimetabolites
folate antagonist
inhibits enzyme dihydrofolate reductase

114
Q

5-fluorouracil

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - antimetabolites
pyrimidine analog
inhibits enzyme thymidylate synthase

115
Q

cytarabine

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - antimetabolites
pyrimidine analog
inhibits enzyme DNA polymerase

116
Q

6-mercaptopurine

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - antimetabolites
purine analog
inhibits enzymes for purine synthesis

117
Q

vincristine

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
inhibits microtubules
bind MTs –> block mitosis

118
Q

vinblastine

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
inhibits microtubules
bind MTs –> block mitosis

119
Q

paclitaxel

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
forms abnormal microtubules

120
Q

“taxel”s

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
forms abnormal microtubules

121
Q

eribulin

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
binds MT –> blocks mitosis

122
Q

ixabepilone

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
binds and inhibits MTs

123
Q

etoposide

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
inhibits topoisomerase II –> unrepairable DNA breaks (enzyme for DNA coiling/uncoiling)

124
Q

topotecan

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
inhibits topoisomerase I (enzyme for DNA coiling/uncoiling)

125
Q

irinotecan

A

cancer chemotherapy
cell cycle specific - natural products + derivatives
inhibits topoisomerase (enzyme for DNA coiling/uncoiling)

126
Q

flutamide

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific hormonal agent
blocks androgen receptor

127
Q

“lutamine”s

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific hormonal agent
blocks androgen receptor

128
Q

abiraterone

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific hormonal agent
inhibits enzyme 17-hydroxylase lysase (CYP 17) –> inhibits androgen/testosterone synthesis

129
Q

leuprolide

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific hormonal agent
initially activates androgen receptor (stimulates GnRH receptor –> initial inc in testosterone synthesis),
eventually receptor is downregulated –> dec in testosterone synthesis

130
Q

tamoxifen

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific hormonal agent
blocks estrogen receptor

131
Q

fulvestrant

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific hormonal agent
blocks estrogen receptor

132
Q

anastrozole

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific hormonal agent
inhibits aromatase enzyme (testosterone –> estrogen)

133
Q

prednisone

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific hormonal agent
glucocorticoid - inhibits immune cell functions

134
Q

imitinib

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific non-hormonal agent
protein kinase inhibitor

135
Q

“nib”s

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific non-hormonal agent
protein kinase inhibitor

136
Q

bortezomib

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific non-hormonal agent
proteasome inhibitor

137
Q

carfilzomib

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific non-hormonal agent
proteasome inhibitor

138
Q

trastuzumab

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific non-hormonal agent
monoclonal antibody against HER2 (a kinase)

139
Q

bevacizumab

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific non-hormonal agent
monoclonal antibody against VEGF (which normally allows blood supply into tumor cells)

140
Q

rituximab

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific non-hormonal agent
monoclonal antibody against CD20 receptor

141
Q

ibritumomab

A

cancer chemotherapy
target specific non-hormonal agent
monoclonal antibody

AU14 Drug Mechanisms (7 decks)

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