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bio 111 > exam 4 > Flashcards

exam 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

composition of DNA

A

double helix, nucleotides form strands of DNA, strands are antiparallel and complementary

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2
Q

composition of RNA

A

pairs with DNA

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3
Q

what is adenine paired with

A

thymine/uracil (RNA)

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4
Q

what is guanine paired with

A

cytosine

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5
Q

what is mutation

A

changes in DNA nucleotide sequences

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6
Q

what causes mutation

A

changes in DNA

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7
Q

what are viruses

A

when new genes are brought into cells

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8
Q

how do viruses replicate

A

viral nucleic acids and proteins are assembled into complete viruses and leave the cell

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9
Q

what diseases can viruses cause

A

lytic infection, lysogenic infection, HIV

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10
Q

viral replication stages

A

virus gets into host cell, host cell divides, virus is in daughter cells and leave to infect other cells

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11
Q

how to fight viral infections

A

vaccines, antiviral drugs

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12
Q

what is a prion

A

noncellular infectious agents, normal cellular protein that sometimes adopts an abnormal shape

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13
Q

why aren’t viruses alive

A

they lack many structures of cells

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14
Q

who is the father of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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15
Q

what is a gene

A

small region of a chromosome, encode for different proteins

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16
Q

what is a masking trait

A

when a dominant trait overpowers a recessive trait

17
Q

what is an allele

A

different versions of a gene

18
Q

what is a phenotype

A

what something presents as (picture)

19
Q

what is a genotype

A

what is in your genes

20
Q

monohybrid vs dihybrid cross

A

mono: both parents are heterozygous
di: track the inheritance of two genes at once

21
Q

what is a polygenetic trait

A

a trait that is affected by multiple genes

22
Q

what is pleiotropy

A

one gene has multiple affects on the phenotype

23
Q

what is an autosome

A

any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

24
Q

homozygous vs heterozygous

A

homo: two dominant alleles
hetero: one dominant and one recessive

25
Q

x chromosome vs y chromosome and what they represent for humans

A

x chromosome is way bigger, and they represent the sex of a person

26
Q

what is a diploid

A

two sets of chromosomes in each cell

27
Q

what is a haploid

A

one set of chromosomes in each cell

bio 111 (4 decks)

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