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Cell Biology > Exam 4 > Flashcards

Exam 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Typically, vesicles enter Golgi apparatus by fusing with _______ and the exit_____

A

The cis convex phase; the trans concave face

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2
Q

The region of a sarcomere that consist of microfilaments/Actin only is the_____

A

I band

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3
Q

Vesicles that carry proteins from the rough ER to the Golgi buds off as_____ Coated vesicles, while proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane are initially incorporated into____ coated vesicles

A

COPII;clatherin

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4
Q

What molecule helps to regulate myosin and striated, skeletal muscle cells

A

A glycol lipid

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5
Q

What term is used to define the concentration of act in monomers, when the rate of polarization will equal the rate of disassembly

A

Critical concentration

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6
Q

What act in binding protein is used for orthogonal array networks

A

Filamin

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7
Q

A vesicle carrying cargo that contains KDEL or KKXX sequence from the Golgi will be coated with____

A

COPI

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8
Q

The barbed plus end of Actin microfilaments is located in muscle_____

A

At the Z disk

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9
Q

What would happen if there’s a defect in the endoplasmic reticulum in striated, skeletal muscle cells such as a channels to release ions from the ER sarcoplasmic reticulum remained closed

A

Myosin cannot bind to actin

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10
Q

A_____ is a 3-D confirmation of folded protein that is used to identify in target the protein to the lysosome

A

Signal patch

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11
Q

Why does diastole glycerol DAG stay in the membrane

A

Hydrophobic fatty acid tails within it structure

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12
Q

What are the two molecules that are made using using ceramide?

A

Glycolipid and sphingomyelin

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13
Q

Which of the following is not an example of a cell that uses or is using local motion?

A

Cytokinesis of the cell in a multicellular organism

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14
Q

How does cofilin prevent reassembly of Acton, polymers

A

By binding to Acton, ADP, monomers

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15
Q

A_____ is a single cell with multiple nuclei and a cytoplasm with____

A

Muscle fiber; myofibrils

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16
Q

What causes the PH inside the lysosome to be different than the pH of the cytoplasm

A

There is a transmembrane protein in the lysosome membrane, and it pumps H+ ions into the lysosome

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17
Q

Which of the following is incorrect about myosin two

A

The head is the C terminal end of the protein

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18
Q

What active binding protein helps generate branched, actin, filaments and what end of the filament does the protein bind to

A

ARP 2/3 pointed

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19
Q

What would happen if sarcomeres had fibrin in there structures?

A

There would be parallel bundles of Acton

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20
Q

What is the pair of proteins that function and tethering a vesicle to the target site?

A

Rab GTP and Rab effector

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21
Q

Which of the following is likely to happen when you have nutrient, starvation conditions or cellular components to be recycled

A

Autophagy

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22
Q

Where are proteases found in the cell

A

Proteasome and lysosome

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23
Q

What is the golgi?

A

A series of flattened membrane, sacs, and associated vesicles

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24
Q

What cis face

A

The entry or receiving face towards nucleus ER

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25
Q

What is the medial?

A

Middle layers

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26
Q

What is trans face

A

Exit face oriented towards plasma membrane

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27
Q

How do you add sugars to oligosaccharides?

A

Use glycosyl transferase to add sugars

28
Q

How do you remove sugars from oligosaccharide?

A

Use glycosidase to remove sugars

29
Q

How do you go to lysosome or endosome?

A

Add a phosphate to the oligosaccharide to make Mannose six phosphate

30
Q

What happens if a protein goes to the lysosome?

A

Folding glycol protein, and 3-D signal patch

31
Q

What happens if a protein goes to the endosome?

A

It only gets the mannose six phosphate

32
Q

Where is ceramide made?

A

In the smooth ER, with two hydrocarbon chains

33
Q

Ceramide and phosphorylcholine make what

A

Sphingomyelin on lumen side of golgi

34
Q

Where is sphingolmyelin located

A

Lumen side of golgi

35
Q

What does a ceramide in a monosaccharide make?

A

Glycolipid or glycoside

36
Q

Where is the glycolipid located?

A

In the cytoplasm of the Golgi

37
Q

What do you do to get to the secretary vesicle from the Golgi?

A

Get exocytosis when signal for vesicle diffuse to plasma membrane

38
Q

What’s a lysosome?

A

An organelle involved in degradation that contains hydrolytic enzymes for all biological molecules and have a pH of five

39
Q

What will enzymes do in a lysosome?

A

Breakdown biological molecules

40
Q

What happens if there is an enzyme in the lysosome that’s defective

A

It won’t degree that biological molecule

41
Q

What are the names of the enzymes in a lysosome?

A

Lipase,nuclease, protease

42
Q

What’s an endosome?

A

Intracellular sorting organelles

43
Q

What are the three coat proteins?

A

COPII,COPI,Clatherin

44
Q

What is COPII

A

For vesicles going forward from the ER to the ERGIC to the cisG to the medial G to the trans G

45
Q

What is COPI?

A

Vesicles going backward from trans G to ER

46
Q

What is clatherin

A

Vesicles going between

47
Q

Steps for vesicle formation

A

-ArF1- GDP Fines to Golgi membrane on cytoplasmic side
-the GEF for ArF1 will remove GDP and replace it with GTP
- ArF1 GTP binds to adapter protein number one on cytoplasmic side
- GGA adapter number one recruits and bines transmembrane receptor protein with its cargo from Golgi
- membrane receptor recruits adapter number two AP1 cytoplasmic side
- AP1 recruits clatherin two cytoplasmic side
-classroom distort membrane and membrane forms

48
Q

Where does docking occur?

A

It occurs with Vsnare on vesical membrane to T snare on target membrane

49
Q

What is local motion?

A

Whole cell movement

50
Q

What is the monomer of Actin called?

A

Globular actin

51
Q

What does globular actin look like?

A

One pointed end (-) and one barbed end (+)

52
Q

What is treadmilling

A

When equilibrium between addition and loss of actin monomers

53
Q

What is the function for formin

A

For actin nucleation and polymerization

54
Q

What is the function of cofilin

A

Promotes disassembly

55
Q

Function of profilin

A

Promote filament assembly

56
Q

Our contractor bundles, further, or closer together

A

Further

57
Q

What is a cell cortex?

A

Network of microfilaments inside plasma, membrane to maintain cell structure

58
Q

What’s in the H zone?

A

Myosin only

59
Q

What’s on the I band?

A

Microfilaments only

60
Q

What’s in the a band?

A

Myosin and microfilaments

61
Q

What is a sarcomere

A

From z band to z band

62
Q

What is a chaperone protein?

A

This will help properly fold protein in the lumen

63
Q

What is BIP?

A

This helps to pull in the protein full proteins in the ER lumen aid in regulating quality control

64
Q

Name a heat, shock protein

A

Bip

65
Q

When a structure has a distinct polarity, this indicates that:

A

You can tell one end of the structure from the other

66
Q

What is the function of BiP and PDI

A

Bip proteins into the lumen, and helps folding
PDI is located in the ER lumen and creates disulfide bonds

67
Q

What does UPR do

A

Increases the number of chaperone proteins in the lumen, help folding and increases mRNA degradation

Cell Biology (10 decks)

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