EXAM 3: ch 17 (new technologies)

Question 1

what is the longest part of the 8-10hr “Rapid DNA analysis” test?

Answer 1

3hr PCR amplification

Question 2

what helped bring the time in “Rapid DNA analysis” testing down?

Answer 2

specialized DNA polymerases (30minutes)

Question 3

____ can lead to investigation at a crime scene .
ex. separation speeds 10-100 times faster

Answer 3

microfabrication

Question 4

what are the 3 primary steps in adopting new genetic markers ?

Answer 4

1. Research ( government funded/private)
2. Development (commercial manufacturer)
3. Forensic application ( forensic labs)

Question 5

the specific steps in adopting new genetic markers?

Answer 5

1. • loci described
     -assay constructed
     -population study
     -information gathered
     2.
     -kit developed
     -kit tested
     -released to the community
     3.
     -internal validation
     -use in casework
     -court presentation

Question 6

in standard STR typing: direct matching or parentage can lead to

Answer 6

familial searching attempts (finding brothers or other relatives) by using Y-STR or more references

Question 7

in standard STR typing: lower amounts of DNA being tested can lead to ..

Answer 7

touch DNA attempts (from poor quality, mixtures, low-level stochastic effects)
by using replicate testing

Question 8

what is LIMS
how does it help?

Answer 8

(robotics) Laboratory Information of Management
Systems
- Expert Systems: data interpretation stage software used to translate the electrophoregram signal into a genotype compatible with a database.
Examples: GeneMapper ID, True
Allele

Question 9

2 unique challenges that come with adopting new technologies by forensic laboratories

Answer 9

• validation
  -limited funding by capital equipment
• need for court acceptance (Frye&Daubert)

Question 10

specific unique challenges to forensic DNA typing

Answer 10

• high quality results EVERY TIME
• regulated environment
• care to prevent contamination
• politics and bureaucracy that exists in government labs
  -difficulty in deciphering mixture components
• separation of biological fluids (sperm vs epithelial cell)
• high throughput for software

Question 11

what is the general prediction for the future?

Answer 11

str will play a major role for the foreseeable future due to the large sizes of existing and rapidly growing DNA databases

Question 12

what 5 aspects are predicted to be seen in the future?

Answer 12

1. more robotics
   2.expert systems
2. animal and plany DNA
3. physical characteristics
4. ethnicity estimation

Question 13

higher sensitivity techniques are most likely to ….

Answer 13

pick up previously deposited background DNA