exam 3

Question 1

Site where two or more bones meet

Answer 1

Articulation

Question 2

Function of joints

Answer 2

Gives skeleton mobility

Question 3

What are the two classifications of joints

Answer 3

Functional and structural (adhesion between two bones)

Question 4

Functional classification of joints is based on _____ __ _____ _____ ______

Answer 4

amount of movement joint allows

Question 5

What are the three functional classifications

Answer 5

Synarthroses
Amphiarthroses
Diarthroses

Question 6

Synarthroses are _______ joints

Answer 6

immoveable

Question 7

Amphiarthroses are ______ moveable joints

Answer 7

slightly

Question 8

Diarthroses are ______ moveable joints

Answer 8

freely

Question 9

Structural classification of joints is based on ____ ____ ____ ______ and ____/____ __ ____ ____

Answer 9

• material binding bones together

- presence/absence of joint cavity

Question 10

What are the three structural classifications of joints

Answer 10

Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints

Question 11

Fibrous joints are bones joined by _____ connective tissue

Answer 11

fibrous

Question 12

Do fibrous joints have a joint cavity?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

Most fibrous joints are _______ (functional classification)

Answer 13

Synarthrotic (immoveable)

Question 14

What are the three types of fibrous joints

Answer 14

Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses

Question 15

Fibrous Joints: Sutures
\_\_\_\_, interlocking joints
Immoveable joints for \_\_\_\_\_\_
Contain \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_
Allow for \_\_\_\_ during youth 
In middle age, sutures ossify and fuse--this is called \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 15

Rigid
Protection
Connective tissue
Growth
Synotoses

Question 16

Fibrous Joints: Syndesmoses
Bones connected by ______
An interosseous membrane connection radius and ulna helps to _____ and _____ ________
Found in?

Answer 16

ligaments
helps to secure and limit movement
distal tibiofibular joint

Question 17

Fibrous Joints: Gomphoses
____-__-_____ joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
Fibrous connection is the ________ ligament
Found in?

Answer 17

Peg-in-socket
periodontal ligament
Alveolar sockets (teeth)

Question 18

Cartilaginous joints are bones joined by _____
Do they have a joint cavity?
Mobility high or low?
What are the two types?

Answer 18

Cartilage
No
Low
Synchondroses and symphyses

Question 19

Cartilaginous Joints: Synchondroses
Bar/plate of ______ cartilage unites bones
Found in temporary _______ joints, become synostoses after plate closure, cartilage of ____ ____ with ______

Answer 19

Hyaline
Epiphyseal
1st rib with manubrium

Question 20

Cartilaginous Joints: Symphyses
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ unites the bone
The articular cartilage is \_\_\_\_\_
Two physical characteristics?
Found in?

Answer 20

Fibrocartilage
Hyaline
Strong and flexible
Intervertebral joints and pubic symphysis

Question 21

Synovial joints

1a. What kind of articular cartilage?
1b. And what does the articular cartilage do?
2. Where can you find synovial joints?

Answer 21

1a. Hyaline
1b. Prevents the crushing of bone ends
2. Includes most limb joints and other joints of the body

Question 22

Synovial joints (con't)
What are the two layers of the articular capsule? What tissues make up these layers?

Answer 22

External fibrous layer (dense, irregular connective tissue)

Inner synovial membrane (loose connective tissue, makes synovial fluid)

Question 23

What makes synovial fluid?

Answer 23

the inner synovial membrane

Question 24

What are the characteristics and function of synovial fluid?

Answer 24

Viscous, slippery filtrate of plasma.
Lubricates and nourishes cartilage
Also contains phagocytic cells to remove microbes and debris

Question 25

What are the 3 different types of reinforcing ligaments in synovial joints?

Answer 25

Capsular (thickest part of fibrous layer), Extracapsular (outside the capsule), intracapsular (deep to capsule; covered by synovial membrane)

Question 26

Functions of nerves and blood vessels in synovial joints

Answer 26

Nerve fibers detect pain, monitor joint position and stretch.
Capillary beds supply filtrate for synovial fluid.

Question 27

Other Features of Some Synovial Joints:

What is the purpose of articular discs (menisci)?

Answer 27

Fibrocartilage separates articular surfaces to improve “fit” of bone ends, stabilize joint, and reduce wear and tear

Question 28

Structures Associated with Synovial Joints: describe them and their function
Bursae;
Tendon sheaths;

Answer 28

Bursae; sacs lined with synovial membrane. reduces friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons or bones rub together.
Tendon sheaths; elongated bursa wrapped completely around tendon subjected to friction