exam 3

Question 1

chemical structure of enzymes

Answer 1

enzyme fits the shape of substrate, then forms the products

Question 2

competitive inhibition in enzymes

Answer 2

a way to prevent unneeded reactions from taking place, lower an enzymes activity

Question 3

inhibitor/enzyme action

Answer 3

noncompetitive inhibitors change the shape of the enzyme
competitive block access to the site

Question 4

activation site in enzyme action

Answer 4

where the chemical reaction occurs

Question 5

how do enzymes speed up reactions

Answer 5

enzymes will act as a catalyst, they will lower the activation energy

Question 6

diffusion

Answer 6

passive transport, takes place when there is a concentration difference on either side of a membrane

Question 7

osmosis

Answer 7

passive transport, takes place when there is a different concentration of WATER on either side of a membrane

Question 8

activation energy

Answer 8

the energy required to start a reaction

Question 9

catalyst

Answer 9

speeds up a reaction without being consumed

Question 10

genome

Answer 10

every chromosome

Question 11

enzyme used for nucleotide in DNA/polymerase

Answer 11

helicases/replication enzymes

Question 12

chromosome: discrete packages

Answer 12

chromatin is packaged inside of chromosomes

Question 13

fertilization

Answer 13

when two gametes combine to form a zygote

Question 14

compare/contrast meiosis/mitosis

Question 15

cytokinesis

Answer 15

division of the cell

Question 16

IPMAT

Answer 16

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 17

asexual reproduction/binary fission

Answer 17

replicates DNA and distributes it to two daughter cells

Question 18

zygote

Answer 18

a fertilized egg

Question 19

causes of cancer

Answer 19

unhealthy diet, obesity, tobacco use, environmental toxins, ultraviolet radiation, cancer-causing viruses, detection time, family history, aging

Question 20

what is a tumor/can it be noncancerous

Answer 20

abnormal mass of tissue, yes

Question 21

metastasize

Answer 21

when cancer spreads to other parts of the body,

Question 22

x and y are for which sex

Answer 22

chromosome x and y (male) xx (female)

Question 23

diploid 2n and haploid 1n what do they represent

Answer 23

diploid: 2 sets of chromosomes
haploid: one set of chromosomes

Question 24

why is it important to reduce chromosome number? is that meiosis or mitosis

Answer 24

because two halves will fuse together, meiosis

Question 25

human chromosomes

Answer 25

46 chromosomes (2n) 23 is 1n

Question 26

sexual reproduction includes what steps

Answer 26

1. eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis
2. eukaryotic cells divide by meiosis
3. gametes fuse during fertilization

Question 27

number of cell divisions for meiosis and mitosis

Answer 27

meiosis: 2
mitosis: 1

Question 28

which individual (male or female) determines the chromosomal male human

Answer 28

male

Question 29

is x or y larger

Answer 29

x chromosomes are larger than y (male)

Question 30

what is an allele

Answer 30

alternate form of the same gene

Question 31

what is nondisjunction (like downs syndrome)

Answer 31

failure of chromosomes to seperate properly