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Vet Practice Mgmt > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the common restraint methods

A

Standing, lateral, sternal, and kitty purrito

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2
Q

What are common distractions used

A

Treats, peanut butter, spray cheese, and canned food

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3
Q

What are common pulse rates for dogs and cats

A

70-180 for dogs and 70-240 for cats

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4
Q

What are the common respiratory rates for dogs and cats

A

16-20 for dogs and 20-30 cats

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5
Q

What are the common tubes used for blood collection

A

Blue, red, tiger top, green, and lavender

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6
Q

What does a longer catheter increase

A

Resistance when giving fluids

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7
Q

What are the different types of syringes

A

Luer lock, slip tip, eccentric tip, catheter tip, and curved tip

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8
Q

What is standard IV catheter care

A

Flushed w/ heparinized saline q 4-6 hrs, monitor for phlebitis especially problematic in horses, and is replaced q 72 hrs

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9
Q

When are jugular taps inappropriate

A

Head traumas and animals w/ clotting disorders

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10
Q

Where do you not want to place an IV catheter in animals in shock w/ bad blood flow

A

In the back leg

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11
Q

What are the steps of bandaging

A

Place stirrups w/ tape on both sides w/ top sickle sticks then those are removed after other steps, place the primary adherent/non adherent bandages, place a secondary bandage such as cast padding, rolled cotten, and stretch gauze, place stirrups, and place a tertiary bandages such as vet wrap, elastikon, and tape

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12
Q

What are the clipper blades size means

A

Larger numbers cut closer to skin using a 40 blade for surgery and 10 blade for matted cats

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13
Q

What do you use to wash clipper blades

A

Blade wash, compressed air, alcohol, and toothbrush

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14
Q

How do you care for surgical instruments

A

Disassembled prior to cleaning, rinsed in water, soaked in detergent, scrubbed, air dried, lubricating bath, and autoclave

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15
Q

Why is anesthetic recovery important

A

Statistically the most likely time for adverse anesthetic events to occur

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16
Q

What are the important things to do when your patient are in anesthetic recovery

A

Properly extubate typically when the animal is well awake and could be at risk for chewing the tube, leave IVC in until the patient is completely recovered, and walk the patient so it can urinate

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17
Q

What are the benefits of spaying a pet

A

Eliminates risk of ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, pyometra, and decreases risk of mammary cancers

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18
Q

What are the benefits of neutering a pet

A

Removes the risk of testicular cancer, reduces prostate disease, eliminates unwanted pregnancies, diminishes unwanted roaming aggression, sexual behaviors, and deminishes marking behavior

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19
Q

What are the reasons clients put off fixing their dogs

A

Expense, pain/risk of complications, anesthesia, and interested in breeding

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20
Q

What are breeding recommendations

A

Wait until females 2nd or 3rd heat cycle, vaccinate prior to breeding, and OFA certification

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21
Q

What are the important parts of a small animal breeding soundness exam

A

Semen evaluation, and make sure they are disease free for cats FeLV and FIV and for dogs brucellosis

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22
Q

How often does the estrous cycle

A

Occuring 2-3 times/year

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23
Q

What is heat

A

Proestrus to estrus that brings enlarged vulva, hemorrhagic vulvar discharge, and behavior changes

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24
Q

When does ovulation start

A

About 2-4 days after the start of visible heat

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25
Q

When are small animals the most fertile

A

4-8 days after onset of heat

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26
Q

What are the different phases of estrous

A

Proestrus, estrus, diestrus, and anestrus

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27
Q

Where should you breed

A

At the male’s residence when possible so they are in their own territory since they can be shy

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28
Q

When do you mate small animlas

A

Mate every other day 3 times typically on Day 4,6,8 past onset of heat

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29
Q

What are the types of semen that can be used in AI

A

Fresh or frozen

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30
Q

What are the different methods of AI

A

Vaginal, transvaginal, and surgically

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31
Q

What is the gestational length of a bitch

A

58-70 days

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32
Q

What is the gestational length of a queen

A

58-67 days

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33
Q

How long do you want to avoid medications when an animal is pregnant

A

The first 1/3 of the gestation

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34
Q

How soon can you detect pregnancy in dogs

A

As early as 30 days using an ultrasound

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35
Q

How do you count puppies

A

Radiographs by counting the skulls and reporting that there are at least x amount of puppies

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36
Q

When can puppies be counted

A

42-50 days of gestation

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37
Q

What are the signs of dystocia in cats/dogs

A

Green vaginal discharge w/o evidence of neonate, fetus lodged in birth canal >10 mins, strong contractions w/ no neonate delivered w/in 60 mins, amniotic sac visible for 2-3 hrs w/o neonate, weak infrequent contractions w/ no neonate >4 hrs, more than 2 hrs pass btw neonates, and signs of general illness in damn

38
Q

What is a pseudopregnancy

A

A false pregnancy, typically occurs diestrus 1-2 months after heat, symptoms may be amplified if bitch is spayed during this time, could require imaging may be needed to rule out true pregnancy, and will resolve on its own w/in 2-3 weeks

39
Q

How long do most neonates require minimal care

A

2 weeks

40
Q

What do C section puppies need

A

Umbilical remnant treatment typically w/ iodine

41
Q

When are puppies dewormed

A

Every 2 weeks starting at 2 weeks of life w/ pyrantel

42
Q

What do you establish when assessing neonates

A

Pink mm, body temp of 94-100, and if they are moving

43
Q

How do you determine the sex of neonates

A

Males have a longer anogenital distance than females

44
Q

What are common concerns w/ puppies

A

hypothermia, dehydration, hypoglycemia, and malnutrition

45
Q

What is hypothermia in newborns and 1 week of age

A

94 for newborns and 99 at 1 week of age

46
Q

Why is it important to raise temperature before feeding

A

To avoid aspiration, further hypothermia, GI distress and decreased motility

47
Q

What is treatment for hypothermia

A

Slowly reheat patient about 2 degrees/hr, warming ambient temperature is best since the neonate may be unable to move away from heat source if too warm like an incubator, and use warm LRS + dextrose solution can be given orally but food should be withheld until there are audible gut sounds

48
Q

What does GI statsis lead to in neonates

A

Risk of aspiration and fermentation of the stomach contents leading to bloat

49
Q

What is the level of dehydration in puppies

A

5-7% leads to tacky mm and 10% loss of skin turgor

50
Q

What is the treatment for dehydration

A

Warmed to 98-99 degrees, bolus through jugular vein or intraosseous catheter, and subcutaneous

51
Q

What is the hypoglycemic level for puppies and what are the risk factors

A

<30-50 mg/dL and the risks are anorexia, low glycogen stores, and stress

52
Q

What are the treatments for hypoglycemia in puppies

A

Offer food if conscious, syrup on tongue/lips, dextrose IV at 5-10% concentration

53
Q

What can cause malnutrition in puppies

A

Mother aggression, poor milk production from illness and conformation, large litters, and abandonment

54
Q

What are the 2 forms of milk supplementation

A

Powdered and liquid

55
Q

What are the advs powdered milk supplement

A

Easier to store for longer periods and less expensive

56
Q

What are the advs of liquid milk supplementation

A

Ready to use and can be stored but has a short shelf life after opening

57
Q

What can milk supplementation result in

A

Diarrhea increasing the risk of dehydration

58
Q

How should you feed a newborn

A

Every 4-6 hrs, use warm milk to body temp, feed in normal nursing position on stomach, head elevated, outstretched, and use tub feeding if needed

59
Q

How do newborns eliminate waste

A

At less than 3 weeks of age they can not do so on their own so their mother’s stimulate the anogenital area this can be stimulated w/ a warm wet cotton ball/cloth and should be done after each feeding

60
Q

When are puppies weaned

A

Start offering gruel at 3 weeks, supplement w/ high quality puppy/kitten food, and feed 3-4x’s/days for 10 mins

61
Q

What are kitten milestones

A

At 2 weeks eyes open and develop sense of smell, 3 weeks ears are erect and baby teeth begin erupting, 4 weeks begin exploring, developing behaviors, and start grooming, and at 5 weeks their sight is fully developed and starts using the litter box

62
Q

How long should cats be fed kitten food

A

Until 1 year of age 3 meals a day if under 12 weeks of age

63
Q

What is active immunity

A

Immune system develops antibodies to antigen permanently

64
Q

What is passive immunity

A

In utero or through colostrum that is transient and will block activation of active immunity

65
Q

When do kitten vaccines

A

Usually start at 6-8 weeks of age and occur every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks of age

66
Q

What are kitten diagnostics

A

FIV, FeLV, and intestinal parasite exam

67
Q

When is FVRCP given to kittens

A

Feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia at 6-8 weeks and booster every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks old

68
Q

When is FeLV given

A

Starting at 12 weeks or older after maternal antibodies have depleted

69
Q

When is rabies to kittens

A

At 4 months of age

70
Q

What are the vaccine sites for kittens

A

As low as possible on right front leg for FVRCP, left rear leg FeLV, and right rear leg rabies

71
Q

Where does the AAFP recommend giving the vaccines

A

The tail

72
Q

What can occur at cats injection sites

A

Injection sarcomas

73
Q

When is it recommended for cats to get declawed

A

At juvenile age preferably when getting fixed

74
Q

What is unique about a queen’s estrous cycle

A

Once they go into heat they will not move on in their estrous cycle until they mate

75
Q

What are client education topics w/ cats

A

Litter box such as type, size, and cleaning recommendations, flea prevention, grooming, nail trims, and tips on bringing them to the vet

76
Q

What should a client know about pet insurance

A

Should be obtained when the pet is young and healthy and offer sick coverage +/- wellness visits

77
Q

What are puppy milestones

A

0-2 weeks cannot see, hear, or regulate temp, and requires stimulation to eliminate, 3 weeks eyes and ears are gradually opening and start to learn, 4-7 weeks learning behaviors such as barking, chasing, biting, and begins eliminating on its own

78
Q

What are the stages of life

A

Puppyhood 6-18 months, adulthood starts btw 12 months and 3 years, and seniorhood begins btw 6-10 years of age

79
Q

When do puppy teeth develop

A

3-4 weeks teeth start to erupt, 4-6 weeks deciduous teeth erupt, 4 months deciduous teeth are replaced by permanent teeth, and at 6 months full permanent teeth have erupted

80
Q

How long should puppies be on puppy food

A

until bones are finished growing at 9-18 months of age

81
Q

Why should dogs be on puppy food until their bones stop growing

A

The formulation of the diet limits P and Ca to maintain appropriate bone density and growth rate

82
Q

What are client education points to be discussed at puppy visits

A

Parasite prevention, nutrition, house training such as leash walking, potty training, and kennel training, handling feet/ears/eyes/mouth, nail trimming, grooming, socialization, tips on bringing their pet to the vet, positive reinforcement, and specific breed dispositions

83
Q

What are you looking for on a puppy physical exam

A

Underbite, overbite, and malalignment, brachycephalic airway syndrome, cleft lip or palate, hernias, cryptorchidism, heart murmur, body condition, and orthopedics such as luxating patellas or hip pain

84
Q

What is brachycephalic airway syndrome

A

Stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, and stenotic trachea

85
Q

What parts of brachycephalic airway syndrome be corrected surgically

A

Stenotic nares and elongated soft palate

86
Q

What does DHPP/DHLPP have in it

A

Distemper, hepatitis, parvo, lepto, and parainfluenza

87
Q

How young can puppies get vaccinated for bordetella

A

As young as 4-6 weeks

88
Q

When can puppies get vaccinated for rabies

A

4 months

89
Q

What are the injection sites for puppies

A

Right front limb DHLPP, bordetella injectable left front limb, CIV left rear, and rabies right rear

90
Q

What are clinical signs of vaccine reactions

A

Facial swelling, urticaria, vomiting, or acute collapse

91
Q

What are common vaccine reactions

A

Lethargy, fever, and pain at injection site

92
Q

What is commonly done when the puppy is fixed

A

Microchip placement

Vet Practice Mgmt (5 decks)

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