Exam 3

Question 1

name the 6 arthropods adaptations

Answer 1

• Hardened exoskeleton
• Jointed appendages
• Specialized segments and appendages
• Respiratory structures
• Specialized sensory structures
• Specialized developmental stages

Question 2

compact bone performs what function?

Answer 2

allows tendons to attach

Question 3

red marrow performs what function?

Answer 3

makes blood cells

Question 4

yellow marrow contains what?

Answer 4

mostly fat

Question 5

overall what does cartilage do?

Answer 5

hold bones together and provide cushioning

Question 6

how does actin and myosin work together in muscle contraction?

Answer 6

generate force that produces muscle cell contractions

Question 7

what is the basic cycle of blood flow through the human body?

Answer 7

When blood leaves the heart it goes through the arteries, the arterioles, the capillaries, the venules, and then the veins

Question 8

what node is the heart’s pacemaker?

Answer 8

SA node

Question 9

what is the main function of plasma

Answer 9

transports gases, nutrients, wastes, signaling molecules, and plasma proteins

Question 10

what is the main function of red blood cells

Answer 10

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 11

what is the main function of white blood cells

Answer 11

defend against viruses, bacteria and other pathogens

Question 12

what is the main function of platelets

Answer 12

patches tears in blood vessels and initiates blood clotting

Question 13

what is the smallest structure that gas exchange occurs in

Answer 13

capillary bed

Question 14

what are the four components for high O2 exchange to occur?

Answer 14

oxygen concentration is low, temperature is warm, pH is low, CO2 is high

Question 15

what’s the difference between an obstructive pulmonary disease and a restrictive pulmonary disease?

Answer 15

obstructive: people have trouble exhaling air
restrictive: people have trouble inhaling air

Question 16

what is anemia?

Answer 16

red blood cells are impaired or fewer than normal; lack of iron

Question 17

name one type of heart surgery for arthrosclerosis

Answer 17

angioplasty

Question 18

inflammation releases what chemicals that cause vasodilatation?

Answer 18

histamine and prostaglandins

Question 19

cytokines and prostaglandins are released and raise the body temperature by affecting what?

Answer 19

inflammation

Question 20

what are four defining characteristics of adaptive immunity?

Answer 20

self/non-self-recognition, specificity, diversity, memory

Question 21

antibodies are produced by what cell?

Answer 21

B cells (white blood cells)

Question 22

what starts off the antibody mediated response?

Answer 22

B cells

Question 23

what are the end cellular products of antibody mediated response (what cells are produced)?

Answer 23

antibodies

Question 24

what is released to help the immune system fight in the antibody mediated response?

Answer 24

antibodies

Question 25

what starts off the cell mediated response?

Answer 25

dendritic cell

Question 26

what are the end cellular products of cell mediated response?

Answer 26

cytotoxic T cells and memory T cells

Question 27

how do natural killer cells/effector cells kill the infected cells?

Answer 27

kills the infected or cancerous cells that are undetected by cytotoxic T cells

Question 28

what is primary immunodeficiency?

Answer 28

defeiciencies are present at birth

Question 29

what is secondary immunodeficiency?

Answer 29

results from exposure to agents

Question 30

how does a vaccination help you fight the flu?

Answer 30

vaccines induce immunity to certain diseases

Question 31

what are the basics of what happens in the capillary exchange?

Answer 31

three mechanisms that facilitate capillary exchange: diffusion, transcytosis and bulk flow