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AU14 Drug Mechanisms > Exam 2; Mechanisms > Flashcards

Exam 2; Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

methyl alcohol

A

alcohol
activates GABA, inhibits glutamate, may activate DA
slower than ethanol

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2
Q

ethanol

A

alcohol

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate, may activate DA

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3
Q

acamprosate

A

alcohol

decreases craving for ethnaol

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4
Q

disulfiram

A

alcohol

inhibits acetyladehyde dehydrogenase enzyme

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5
Q

fomepizole

A

alcohol

inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme

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6
Q

nitrous oxide

A

inhaled GA

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate

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7
Q

isoflurane

A

inhaled GA, hydrogenated hydrocarbon

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate

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8
Q

sevoflurane

A

inhaled GA, hydrogenated hydrocarbon

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate

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9
Q

desflurane

A

inhaled GA, hydrogenated hydrocarbon

activates GABA, inhibits glutamate

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10
Q

methohexital

A

IV GA, barbiturate

activates GABA

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11
Q

propofol

A

IV GA

activates GABA

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12
Q

ketamine

A

IV GA

inhibits glutamate

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13
Q

etomidate

A

IV GA

activates GABA

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14
Q

midazolam

A 
IV GA, benzodiazepine
activates GABA (via benzo receptor)
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15
Q

cocaine

A

ester LA, CNS stimulant
inhibits NE, 5HT, DA
local vasoconstrictor

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16
Q

benzocaine

A

ester LA

used topically

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17
Q

procaine

A

ester LA

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18
Q

benoxinate

A

ester LA

eye

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19
Q

proparacaine

A

ester LA

eye

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20
Q

procainamide

A

amino acid LA

for arrhythmias

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21
Q

lidocaine

A

amino acid LA

for arrhythmias

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22
Q

“i i” + “-caine”

A

amino acid LAs

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23
Q

tetrodotoxin

A

irreversible Na+ channel blocker

liver/ovary toxin of puffer fish

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24
Q

saxitotoxin

A

irreversible Na+ channel blocker

“red tide” shellfish

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25
Q

baclofen

A

neuronal anti-spasmatic

GABA agonist

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26
Q

diazepam

A

neuronal anti-spasmatic
anti-anxiety (long duration)
DOC status epilepticus
GABA agonist

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27
Q

tizanidine

A

neuronal anti-spasmatic

alpha 2 agonist

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28
Q

botulinum toxin

A

neuronal anti-spasmatic

blocks ACh release

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29
Q

dantrolene

A

muscle anti-spasmatic

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30
Q

clonazepam

A

long duration anti-anxiety
benzodiazepine
actives benzo receptor - GABA

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31
Q

oxazepam

A

long duration anti-anxiety
benzodiazepine
actives benzo receptor - GABA

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32
Q

lorazepam

A

long duration anti-anxiety
benzodiazepine
actives benzo receptor - GABA

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33
Q

alprazolam

A

long duration anti-anxiety
benzodiazepine
actives benzo receptor - GABA

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34
Q

clorazepate

A

long duration anti-anxiety
benzodiazepine
actives benzo receptor - GABA

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35
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A

long duration anti-anxiety
benzodiazepine
actives benzo receptor - GABA

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36
Q

diazepam

A

long duration anti-anxiety
benzodiazepine
actives benzo receptor - GABA

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37
Q

flurazepam

A

short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia
benzodiazepine
activates benzo receptor - GABA

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38
Q

temaxepam

A

short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia
benzodiazepine
activates benzo receptor - GABA

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39
Q

quazepam

A

short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia
benzodiazepine
activates benzo receptor - GABA

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40
Q

estazolam

A

short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia
benzodiazepine
activates benzo receptor - GABA

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41
Q

triazolam

A

short duration anti-anxiety - insomnia
benzodiazepine
activates benzo receptor - GABA

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42
Q

flumazenil

A

for benzo overdose

benzodiazpine receptor blocker

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43
Q

zolpidem

A

non-benzo hypnotic

bind only alpha subunits of benzo receptor

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44
Q

zaleplon

A

non-benzo hypnotic

bind only alpha subunits of benzo receptor

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45
Q

eszopiclone

A

non-benzo hypnotic

bind only alpha subunits of benzo receptor

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46
Q

dexmedetomidine

A

non-benzo hypnotic

alpha 2 agonist

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47
Q

buspirone

A 
non-benzo hypnotic
partial serotonin (5HT) agonist
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48
Q

pentobarbital

A

anti-anxiety - barbiturate
enhance GABA action
3-4 hours

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49
Q

secobarbital

A

anti-anxiety - barbiturate
enhance GABA action
3-4 hours

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50
Q

butabarbital

A

anti-anxiety - barbiturate
enhance GABA action
6-8 hours

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51
Q

amobarbital

A

anti-anxiety - barbiturate
enhance GABA action
6-8 hours

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52
Q

phenobarbital

A

anti-anxiety - barbiturate
anti-epileptic (all but petit mal)
enhance GABA action
10-16 hours

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53
Q

ramelteon

A

other sleep inducers

melatonin receptor agonist

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54
Q

tasimelteon

A

other sleep inducers

melatonin receptor agonist

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55
Q

antihistamine

A

ie diphenhydramine

OTC sleep inducer

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56
Q

phenytoin

A

DOC grand mal + others, not petit mal

inhibits Na+ channels –> prevents recovery from depolarization

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57
Q

carbamazepine

A

DOC for partial seizures

inhibits Na+ channels –> prevents recovery from depolarization

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58
Q

acetazolamide

A

anti-epileptic

inhibits carbonic anhydrase enzyme

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59
Q

ethosuximide

A

DOC for petit mal, not others

inhibits Ca++ channels

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60
Q

sodium valproate

A

anti-epileptic

inc GABA synthesis, dec GABA breakdown, may act on Na+/Ca++ channels

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61
Q

topiramate

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

activate GABA

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62
Q

tiagabine

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

activate GABA

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63
Q

vigabatrin

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

activate GABA

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64
Q

gabapentin

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

activate GABA

65
Q

lamotrigine

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

Na+

66
Q

rufinamide

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

Na+

67
Q

lacosamide

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

Na+

68
Q

zonisamide

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

Na+

69
Q

pregabalin

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

Ca++

70
Q

ezogabine

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

K+

71
Q

perampanel

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

blocks glutamate

72
Q

levetiracetam

A

anti-epileptic (partial)

?

73
Q

imipramine

A

anti-depressant
1st gen, “tricyclic antidepressants”
inhibits NE reuptake

74
Q

amitriptyline

A

anti-depressant
1st gen, “tricyclic antidepressants”
inhibits NE reuptake

75
Q

fluoxetine

A

anti-depressant
2nd gen, SSRI
inhibit 5HT reuptake

76
Q

sertraline

A

anti-depressant
2nd gen, SSRI
inhibit 5HT reuptake

77
Q

paroxetine

A

anti-depressant
2nd gen, SSRI
inhibit 5HT reuptake

78
Q

fluvoxamine

A

anti-depressant
2nd gen, SSRI
inhibit 5HT reuptake

79
Q

citalopram

A

anti-depressant
2nd gen, SSRI
inhibit 5HT reuptake

80
Q

escitalopram

A

anti-depressant
2nd gen, SSRI
inhibit 5HT reuptake

81
Q

vortioxetine

A

anti-depressant
2nd gen, SSRI
inhibit 5HT reuptake

82
Q

vilazodone

A

anti-depressant
2nd gen, SSRI
inhibit 5HT reuptake

83
Q

venlafaxine

A

anti-depressant
3rd gen, SNRI
inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake

84
Q

duloxetine

A

anti-depressant
3rd gen, SNRI
inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake

85
Q

milnacipram

A

anti-depressant
3rd gen, SNRI
inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake

86
Q

desvenlafaxine

A

anti-depressant
3rd gen, SNRI
inhibit NE and 5HT reuptake

87
Q

buproprion

A

“other” anti-depressant

88
Q

mirtazapine

A

“other” anti-depressant

89
Q

nefazodone

A

“other” anti-depressant

90
Q

tranylcypromine

A

anti-depressant

inhibit MAO enzyme –> inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT

91
Q

phenelzine

A

anti-depressant

inhibit MAO enzyme –> inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT

92
Q

isocarboxazid

A

anti-depressant

inhibit MAO enzyme –> inhibits metabolism of NE, 5HT

93
Q

lithium

A

treats manic depression

alter glutamate metabolism, dec NE release

94
Q

L-DOPA + carbidopa

A

treat Parkinson’s
L-DOPA = prodrug, DA precursor
carbidopa = DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor

95
Q

selegiline

A

treat Parkinson’s

selective MAO inhibitor in CNS

96
Q

rasagiline

A

treat Parkinson’s

selective MAO inhibitor in CNS

97
Q

tolcapone

A

treat Parkinson’s

inhibits COMT enzyme

98
Q

entacapone

A

treat Parkinson’s

inhibits COMT enzyme

99
Q

rotigotine

A 
treat Parkinson's
DA agonist (patch)
100
Q

ropinirole

A

treat Parkinson’s
DA agonist
also RLS

101
Q

pramipexole

A

treat Parkinson’s
DA agonist
also RLS

102
Q

bromocryptine

A

treat Parkinson’s

stimulates D2 receptors

103
Q

apomorphine

A 
treat Parkinson's
DA agonist (injection)
104
Q

trihexyphenidyl

A

treat Parkinson’s

anticholinegic –> restore DA/ACh balance

105
Q

benztropine

A

treat Parkinson’s

anticholinegic –> restore DA/ACh balance

106
Q

amantadine

A

treat Parkinson’s

anticholinegic –> restore DA/ACh balance

107
Q

haloperidol

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), high potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

108
Q

pimozide

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), high potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

109
Q

thioridazine

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), low potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

110
Q

chlorpromazine

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), low potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

111
Q

fluphenazine

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), low potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

112
Q

perphenazine

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), low potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

113
Q

prochlorperazine

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), low potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

114
Q

trifluoperazine

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), low potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

115
Q

thiothixene

A

anti-psychotic
typical (1st gen), low potency
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

116
Q

loxapine

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

117
Q

asenapine

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

118
Q

clozapine

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

119
Q

olanzapine

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

120
Q

risperidone

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

121
Q

iloperidone

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

122
Q

paliperidone

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

123
Q

lurasidone

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

124
Q

ziprasodone

A

anti-psychtoic
atypical (2nd gen)
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

125
Q

quetapine

A

anti-psychotic
marketed as anti-depressant
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

126
Q

aripiprazole

A

anti-psychotic
marketed as anti-depressant
inhibits DA neurons, some H1

127
Q

morphine

A

natural opiate agonist

128
Q

codeine

A

natural opiate partial agonist

129
Q

heroin

A

semi-synthetic opiate agonist (5x morphine)

130
Q

hydromorphone

A

“dilaudid”

semi-synthetic opiate agonist (10x morphine)

131
Q

oxycodone

A

“percodan”

semi-synthetic opiate agonist (.5x morphine)

132
Q

fentanyl

A

“sublimaze”

synthetic opiate analog (80x morphine)

133
Q

sufentanil

A

synthetic opiate analog (500-600x morphine)

134
Q

remifentanil

A

synthetic opiate analog (500-600x morphine)

135
Q

alfentanil

A

synthetic opiate analog (500-600x morphine)

136
Q

meperidine

A

“demerol”

synthetic opiate analog (.5x morphine)

137
Q

methadone

A 
synthetic opiate analog (1x morphine)
oral administration (to break addiction)
138
Q

oxymorphone

A

synthetic opiate analog

139
Q

levorphanol

A

synthetic opiate analog

140
Q

pentazocine

A

partial opiate agonist

141
Q

methyltrexone

A

opiate antagonist

142
Q

naltrexone

A

opiate antagonist

143
Q

naloxone

A

opiate antagonist

144
Q

tramadol

A

opiate activity + SSRI

145
Q

tapentadol

A

opiate activity + SSRI

146
Q

methylxanthine

A

CNS stimulant

inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase enzyme

147
Q

caffeine

A

CNS stimulant

inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase enzyme

148
Q

amphetamine

A

CNS stimulant

inc DA, NE release

149
Q

methamphetamine

A

CNS stimulant

inc DA, NE release

150
Q

methylphenidate

A 
CNS stimulant (Ritalin)
inhibits DA reuptake
151
Q

dexmethylphenidate

A

CNS stimulant

inhibits DA reuptake

152
Q

cannabinoid

A

marijuana

binds cannabinoid receptor

153
Q

dranabinol

A

cannabinoid

binds canabinoid receptor

154
Q

nabilone

A

cannabinoid

binds canabinoid receptor

155
Q

modafinil

A

CNS stimulant

reuptake inhibitor

156
Q

armodafinil

A

CNS stimulant

reuptake inhibitor

157
Q

nicotine

A

CNS stimulant

pre-synaptic nicotinic cholinergic receptors agonist

158
Q

varenicline

A

CNS stimulant

partial nicotinic agonist

AU14 Drug Mechanisms (7 decks)

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