Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oceanography > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The sun emits the majority of its radiation in the form of ___ radiation

A

shortwave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The earth emits the majority of its radiation in the form of ___ radiation

A

longwave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The peak wavelength of energy from the earth is ___

A

10 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The peak wavelength of energy from the sun is ___

A

0.5um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___ is the heat associated with changing water from a solid to a liquid

A

latent heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when atmospheric water vapor condenses to form clouds, ___ is released and the atmosphere is ___

A

latent heat is released and the atmosphere is warmed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the 3 layers that describe the ocean’s vertical temperature structure are

A

surface mixed layer, thermocline, deep zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

varying sea surface salinity values fluctuate as a result of what 2 processes

A

evaporation and precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the greenhouse effect is driven by the fact that greenhouse gases are

A

good absorbers of longwave radiation and poor absorbers of shortwave radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

true or false: co2 and H2o are atmospheric selective absorbers that shelter us from the sun’s harmful incoming UV rays

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what feature most specifically describes a rapid change in ocean temperature with depth

A

thermocline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the phase changes associated with ___ and ____ warm the atmosphere

A

condensation and freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

coriolis deflects pressure gradient induced winds to the ___ in the southern hemisphere and ____ in the northern hemisphere

A

left in the southern, right in the northern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

true/false: the inter-tropical convergence zone is a region of high pressure and arid (dry) conditions

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

according to the 3 cell general circulation model, surface winds are ___ directly south of the equator and ___ directly north of the equator

A

southeasterly south of the equator, northeasterly directly north of the equator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where are the highest values of sea surface salinity found in our global oceans

A

tropics 30 degrees N/S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

according to the single cell circulation model, atmospheric circulation is driven by

A

the temperature contrast between the equator and poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the inter-tropical convergence zone is a region of converging ___ surface winds

A

easterly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the inter-tropical convergence zone is a region of latitudinal ___ pressure

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

atmospheric surface winds are driven in the direction of __ pressure to __ pressure gradients

A

high pressure to low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

according to the 3 cell general circulation model, a latitudinal band of surface ___ pressure located at 60 degrees latitude

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

according to the 3 cell general circulation model, ___ vertical motion is expected in this location

A

rising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hurricanes rotate __ in the southern hemisphere

A

clockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

hurricanes rotate ___ in the northern hemisphere

A

counterclockwise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the names of the winds in the earth’s tropical regions (30 degrees south to 30 degrees north)

A

NE and SE trades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

according to the 3 cell generatl circulation model, the wettest regions of the earth should be found near

A

the equator and 60 degree latitude

27
Q

according to the 3 cell generatl circulation model, the driest regions on earth should be found near

A

30 degrees N/S latitude and the polar regions

28
Q

what is the name of the winds in the mid-latitude regions

A

westerlies

29
Q

given your knowledge of the vertical motion of air in the 3 cell model, where would you expect to find our plants rainforests

A

equatorial region

30
Q

the winter monsoon in india is associated with ___

A

dry conditions

31
Q

the winter monsoon in india is associated with ___ wind flow

A

onshore to offshore

32
Q

hadley cell vertical circulation consists of

A

rising air at the equator and sinking air at 30 degrees N/S

33
Q

how do you directly describe the inter-tropical convergence zone

A

major latitudinal band of precipitation

34
Q

western boundary currents carry what type of water in what direction

A

warm water poleward

35
Q

ekman transport moves __ surface waters

A

warm

36
Q

ekman transport moves warm surface waters to the __

A

left

37
Q

ekman transport moves warm surface waters to the left in the ___ hemisphere

A

southern

38
Q

ekman transport which results from the wind stress of the trades and westerlies in both northern and southern hemisphere ocean basins creates a __ of ___ surface water and ___ dynamic topography

A

creates a CONVERGENCE of WARM surface water and ELEVATED dynamic topography

39
Q

coastal UPWELLING is a result of the ekman transport of ___ water which ___ surface water productivity

A

(upwelling) WARM water OFFSHORE which INCREASES surface water productivity

40
Q

coastal DOWNWELLING is a result of the ekman transport of __ water ___ which ___ surface water productivity

A

(downwelling) WARM water ONSHORE which DECREASES surface water productivity

41
Q

equatorial __ is a result of trade wind ___ and ekman transport surface ___ which ___ the productivity of the surface waters

A

equatorial UPWELLING is a result of trade wind CONVERGENCE and ekman transport surface DIVERGENCE which INCREASES the productivity of the surface waters

42
Q

cyclonic hurricane wind rotation (northern hemisphere) over the ocean results in what 3 things

A

ocean surface divergence, thermocline elevation, and upwelling

43
Q

gulf stream warm core eddies rotate ___ and ___ surface bioproductivity

A

gulf stream warm core eddies rotate CLOCKWISE and DECREASE surface bioproductivity

44
Q

geostrophic flow travels ___ to dynamic topography iso-heights as a balance between what 2 forces

A

geostrophic flow travels PARALLEL to dynamic topography iso-heights as a balance between the coriolis force and the pressure gradient force

45
Q

true/false: thermohaline circulation serves to oxygenate the deep ocean basis and is density driven

A

true

46
Q

the phase velocity of shallow water waves is primarily a function of

A

depth

47
Q

the period of a wave is defined as

A

the time measured between successive wave crests

48
Q

the term “dispersion” is associated with ___ water waves because in that regime, wave speed is calculated primarily as a function of ___

A

the term “dispersion” is associated with DEEP water waves because in that regime, wave speed is calculated primarily as a function of WAVELENGTH

49
Q

how is phase speed related to the group speed for a deep water wave

A

phase speed is 2x faster than group speed

50
Q

what is shoaling

A

waves approaching the shore

51
Q

wave refraction associated with shoaling is associated with ___ water waves

A

SHALLOW

52
Q

wave refraction associated with shoaling is associated with SHALLOW water waves because in that regime, wave speed is calculated primarily as a function of ____

A

DEPTH

53
Q

what is another term for wave speed

A

celerity

54
Q

what is an embayment

A

a recess in a coastline forming a bay

55
Q

as wave fronts approach an embayment, wave refraction leads to a ____ of wave crests and wave energy

A

divergence

56
Q

surface sea ice formation (freezing)

A

extracts salt bring from the ice crystal structure which increases sea surface density

57
Q

which of the atlantic ocean water masses above is antarctic immediate water

A

B

58
Q

where can we find the highest density values in the TS diagram above

A

lower right

59
Q

which of the following is not considered a disturbing force for waves

A

surface tension

60
Q

tsunamis are classified as ___ water waves

A

shallow

61
Q

tsunamis propagate across ocean basins at approximately __ mph

A

500

62
Q

shallow water waves have __ orbits at the surface

A

elliptical

63
Q

shallow water waves have elliptical orbits at the surface, which transition to ___ motion over the sediment at the bottom

A

back and forth

64
Q

what type of breaking wave is associated with the steepest shoaling slope?

A

surging breaker

Oceanography (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions