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Spinal Anatomy > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

which mammals do not have 7 cervical vertebra

A

the two-toed sloth, Manatee, ant bear, and three toed sloth

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2
Q

which mammals have more than 7 cervical vertebra

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

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3
Q

which mammals have less than 7 cervical vertebra

A

two-toed sloth, manatee

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4
Q

what is the number of vertebra in a typical cervical spine

A

7 segments

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5
Q

which vertebra are typical cervicals

A

C3 through C6

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6
Q

which vertebra are atypical cervical

A

C1, C2, C7

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7
Q

what is the shape of a typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial View

A

rectangular

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8
Q

what is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral View

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

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9
Q

what would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features

A

posterior or kyphotic

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10
Q

what accounts for the direction of the typical cervical

A

the intervertebral disc height

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11
Q

what is the direction of the typical cervical curve

A

anterior or lordotic

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12
Q

which vertebral couples will demonstrate a decrease in intervertebral disc height

A

C2/C3 down to C4/C5

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13
Q

at which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height

A

C5/C6

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14
Q

what are the names of the lateral modifications of the superior epiphyseal Rim in cervical

A

uncinate process, Unciform process, uncovertebral process, uncus or lateral lip

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15
Q

what are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical

A

Anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

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16
Q

what is the joint classification of the anterior lip/anterior longitudinal ligament/anterior groove articulation

A

fibrous (anphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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17
Q

what is the joint classification of the posterior lip / posterior longitudinal ligament/ posterior Groove articulation

A

fibrous (anphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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18
Q

what is the joint classification of the uncinate process and lateral Groove articulation

A

modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis Sellar)

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19
Q

what is a joint classification for the spongy bone and intervertebral disc articulation

A

cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

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20
Q

how many joints are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body

A

5

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21
Q

how many joints are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body

A

5

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22
Q

how many total joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical

A

10

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23
Q

what is the name given to the uncinate process and lateral Groove articulation

A

joint of luschka or uncovertebral joint

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24
Q

The Joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces

A

the uncinate process and lateral Groove

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25
Q

how many total synovial joint services are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical

A

4

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26
Q

what is the functional significance of the joint of Luschka

A

it appears to stabilize the intervertebral disc while accommodating flexion/extension and requiring couple motion (axial rotation with lateral bending) in the cervical spine

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27
Q

what muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body

A

the longus colli muscle

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28
Q

what is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical

A

posterolateral, 45 degrees

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29
Q

in the vertebral couple, which cervical vertebral body will contribute more toward the height of the intervertebral foramen

A

neither, both contribute equally to the intervertebral foramen height

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30
Q

what is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina

A

postero medially

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31
Q

what ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical

A

ligamentum flavum

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32
Q

what joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment

A

fibrous (anphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

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33
Q

ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature

A

para articular processes

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34
Q

ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone

A

accessory bone

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35
Q

ossification within the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone

A

heterotopic bone

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36
Q

what is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra

A

heart-shaped or triangular

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37
Q

which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervical

A

transverse

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38
Q

the greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at which vertebral level

A

C6

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39
Q

the greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple

A

C5 C6

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40
Q

what osseous parts form of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process

A

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

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41
Q

what muscles will attach the anterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra

A

anterior scalene, longus capitis, longus colli, anterior intertransversarii

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42
Q

what muscles May attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra

A

splenius cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, levator scapula, middle scalene, posterior scalene, rotators and posterior intertransversarii

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43
Q

what muscles will attach to the cost of transverse bar

A

middle scalene and posterior intertransversarii

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44
Q

what produces the primary tension on the transverse process that will cause remodeling in the anterolateral and inferior directions

A

cervical spinal nerves as they are directed anterolaterally and inferior leave to form the cervical and brachial plexuses

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45
Q

what is the name given to the superior margin of the costotransverse bar

A

sulcus for the ventral primary ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

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46
Q

what is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process

A

60° anterolaterally from midsagittal plane, 15° inferiorly from the horizontal plane

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47
Q

what is the name given to the modification of the anterior tubercle of the C6 transverse process

A

the Carotid tubercle

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48
Q

what will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen

A

the vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus and postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

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49
Q

what is the name of the surface feature observed between the ends of the articular pillar

A

the groove/sulcus for the dorsal ramus of a cervical spinal nerve

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50
Q

what is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets

A

40 to 45 degrees from the coronal plane

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51
Q

recent work suggests what angulation for typical cervical articular facets

A

55 to 60 degrees

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52
Q

what is the orientation of the typical cervical Superior articular facet

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

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53
Q

what is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

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54
Q

what muscles will attach to typical cervical articular processes

A

the longissimus capitis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidus and rotators

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55
Q

what muscles blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses

A

the semispinalis capitis, multifidus and Rotator longus

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56
Q

what is the joint classification for the typical cervical zygapophysis

A

synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) joint

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57
Q

what modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine

A

meniscoidal Folds

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58
Q

what function will meniscoidal folds provide in cervical zygapophyses

A

they are assumed to distribute pressure Across The Joint surface

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59
Q

the greatest range of flexion extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple

A

typically C5/C6

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60
Q

what motions are coupled in the cervical spine

A

lateral bending and axial rotation

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61
Q

ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebra will be similar for what cervical vertebral couples

A

the C2/C3, C3/C4, C4/C5 vertebral couples

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62
Q

ranges of coupled motion among the typical cervical vertebra will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple

A

the C5 C6 vertebral couple

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63
Q

what is the usual condition for the Caucasian typical cervical spinous process

A

they are bifid

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64
Q

what is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process

A

they are non bifid

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65
Q

what muscles May attach to the typical cervical spinous process

A

the spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidis, rotators and interspinalis

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66
Q

what ligaments will attach to the typical cervical spinous process

A

the inter spinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae

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67
Q

what will form the anterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the lateral Groove and vertebral body of the segment above, the uncinate process and vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral discs and the posterior longitudinal ligament

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68
Q

what will form the posterior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the inferior articular process, the superior articular process, the capsular ligament and the ligamentum flavum

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69
Q

what will form the superior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

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70
Q

what will form the inferior boundary of a typical cervical intervertebral foramen

A

the superior vertebral notch or Superior vertebral incisure

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71
Q

what is the Unique Interior boundary of the intervertebral foramen for the C4 spinal nerve

A

the lateral group of C3 and uncinate process of C4 forming the joint of luschka

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72
Q

what is the name of the first cervical vertebra

A

Atlas

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73
Q

what features are lacking at C1

A

vertebral body, pedicles, a spinous process and the intervertebral disc

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74
Q

what is thought to represent the pedicle at C1

A

the anterior Arch

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75
Q

what osseous modification is observed to the front of the anterior arch of C1

A

the anterior tubercle

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76
Q

what muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1

A

longus colli

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77
Q

what ligaments will attach the anterior arch of C1

A

the anterior longitudinal, anterior atlanto-occipital and anterior atlantoaxial ligaments

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78
Q

what is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1

A

the fovea dentist

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79
Q

what join classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint and synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint

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80
Q

what is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1

A

they are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate and elevation subdividing the fassett surface into two separate surfaces

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81
Q

what is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1

A

backward, upward, medial. Bum

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82
Q

what is the joint classification of the atlantoaxial zygapophysis

A

synovial diarthrosis ellipsoidal joint

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83
Q

what are morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

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84
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1

A

backward, media, downward. Bmd

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85
Q

what is the joint classification of the atlantoaxial zygapophysis

A

synovial plane diarthrosis arthrodial joint

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86
Q

what is the name of the rounded elevation on the medial aspect of the lateral mass of C1

A

typical for the transverse Atlantal ligament

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87
Q

what muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1

A

levator scapulae, splenius cervicis and rectus capitis anterior

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88
Q

what part of C1 represents the spinous process

A

posterior tubercle of the posterior Arch

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89
Q

what is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior Arch to the skin in each gender

A

males about 50 cm, females about 37mm

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90
Q

what attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1

A

rectus capitis posterior minor muscle and ligamentum nuchae

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91
Q

what Superior Service modifications of the posterior arch of C1 are present

A

Groove / sulcus for the vertebral artery and arcuate rim

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92
Q

what attaches to the arcuate rim of C1

A

the posterior atlanto occipital ligament

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93
Q

ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament results in which a typical bone classification

A

accessory bone

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94
Q

what is the earliest stage of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament was observed

A

about age 7 years old

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95
Q

based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto occipital ligament what structures will form

A

an incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

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96
Q

what are the name a be used to identify a ponticulus posticus

A

kimmerle anomaly

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97
Q

what names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus

A

arcuate foramen or retro articular canal

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98
Q

ponticulus posticus had been observed in what ethnic populations

A

all ethnic populations studied thus far

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99
Q

what is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied

A

1% to 41%

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100
Q

what is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus

A

female

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101
Q

what is the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus versus an incomplete ponticulus posticus

A

the incidence of a complete ponticulus posticus is about 15%, the incidence of an incomplete ponticulus posticus may be as high as 41%

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102
Q

what are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1

A

costal element, post your typical, true transverse process

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103
Q

what muscles attach to the transverse process of C1

A

rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, middle scalene, levator scapulae, splenius cervicis, obliquus capitis Superior, obliquus capitis inferior and intertransversarii muscles

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104
Q

what suboccipital muscles are known to have facial projections attaching to the spinal Dura

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

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105
Q

were they connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal Dura called

A

myodural bridges

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106
Q

what are the lateral bridges of Atlas connected to

A

the lateral mass and the transverse process of Atlas

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107
Q

what forms of the lateral bridges are observed in the population

A

incomplete lateral Bridges incomplete lateral Bridges

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108
Q

what opening is identified when a complete lateral Bridge is formed

A

the Retro transverse foramen

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109
Q

what are the possible contents of the Retro transverse foramen

A

the vertebral artery, a branch from a sub occipital nerve and veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

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110
Q

which of the ponticles (bridges) of Atlas is most numerous

A

ponticulus posticus

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111
Q

which of the ponticles of Atlas is only observed in humans

A

lateral bridges

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112
Q

what is observed in the transverse foramen of C1

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, post ganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

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113
Q

what is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1

A

males 78mm, females 72 mm

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114
Q

what is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender

A

a little over 30 mm for both males and females

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115
Q

how many synovial joint services are observed at C1

A

5

116
Q

what names are given to C2

A

axis or epistropheus

117
Q

what unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2

A

the dens or odontoid process

118
Q

how many joint services are present on the odontoid process of C2

A

5

119
Q

what joint surfaces are present on the Android process of C2

A

facet for fovea dentist, Groove for transverse Atlanta ligament, attachment sites for the alar ligaments, attachment site for the apical Dental ligament

120
Q

what is the name / classification given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed posterior

A

lordotic dens

121
Q

what is the name / classification given to the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is directed anterior

A

kyphotic dens

122
Q

what joint surfaces are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves and cancellous Bone

123
Q

how many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2

A

5

124
Q

how many joint services are present at the vertebral body of C2

A

10

125
Q

what joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis seller) and cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis

126
Q

what ligament will represent the cranial continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament

A

membrana tectoria

127
Q

what ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

128
Q

what is the location of the superior vertebral Notch of C2

A

on the lamina pedicle Junction

129
Q

what attaches to the lamina of C2

A

obliquus capitis inferior muscle, posterior atlantoaxial ligament, ligamentum flavum

130
Q

what is the appearance of the superior articular facets of C2

A

they are asymmetrical and slightly convex

131
Q

what is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2

A

backward, upward, and lateral. Bul

132
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2

A

forward, lateral, and down. Fold

133
Q

what muscles attach to the articular process of C2

A

longissimus cervicis

134
Q

what will be observed in the transverse foramen at C2

A

vertebral artery, vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers

135
Q

what is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2

A

males 57mm, females 50mm

136
Q

what muscles attached to the transverse process of C2

A

levator scapulae, middle scalene, splenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis and intertransversarii

137
Q

What is the characteristic appearance of the C2 spinous process in humans

A

bifid

138
Q

what muscles attach to the spinous process of C2

A

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, spinalis cervicis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidus, rotators and Interspinalis muscles

139
Q

what ligaments attach to the spinous process of C2

A

ligamentum nuchae, inter spinous ligaments

140
Q

what names may be given to C7

A

vertebra prominens and vertebral prominens

141
Q

what name is only given to C7

A

vertebra prominens

142
Q

what is the name given to the topographical elevation observed at the base of the neck

A

vertebral prominence

143
Q

in what percent of men and of women does C7 become the vertebral prominence

A

men 86%, women 79%

144
Q

what is the segments and gender bias for vertebra other than C7 becoming the vertebral prominence

A

C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males

145
Q

how many joint services are present at the vertebral body of C7

A

8

146
Q

what joint classifications are observed at the vertebral body of C7

A

fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis, cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis and modified synovial saddle (diarthrosis Sellar) joint

147
Q

what muscles attach to the vertebral body of C7

A

longus colli muscle

148
Q

what features are typically present in the transverse foramen of C7

A

vertebral venous plexus, postganglionic sympathetic motor fibers

149
Q

what muscles attach to the transverse process of C7

A

middle scalene, iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, rotators, intertransversarii and levator costarum brevis

150
Q

what is the orientation of a superior articular facet of C7

A

backward, upward, medial. Bum

151
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C7

A

forward, medial, downward. Formed

152
Q

what muscle will attach to the articular process of C7

A

longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis and multifidus

153
Q

what muscles attach the spinous process of C7

A

trapezius, rhomboid minor, serratus posterior Superior, splenius capitis, spinalis capitis, spinalis Services, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, rotators and interspinalis

154
Q

what ligaments attach to the spinous process of C7

A

ligamentum nuchae and Inter spinous ligaments

155
Q

the vertebral artery on which side is typically larger

A

left vertebral artery

156
Q

what is the gender bias regarding size of the vertebral artery

A

men have larger vertebral arteries than women

157
Q

what was the name of the physical exam used to determine vertebral artery patency

A

the vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency test

158
Q

which side artery was tested during the course of the vertebral basilar artery insufficiency exam

A

the ipsilateral artery on the side of rotation

159
Q

typically at what vertebral level will the vertebral artery first become located in the transverse foramen

A

C6

160
Q

at what location will the vertebral artery form it’s first compensatory Loop

A

the atlanto axial interspace

161
Q

at what location will the vertebral artery form its second compensatory Loop

A

the Atlanta occipital interspace

162
Q

at what segments will the vertebral artery be firmly attached to the transverse foramen

A

both C1 and C2

163
Q

what is the purpose of the vertebral artery Loops between C2, C1, and occiput

A

The increased length will accommodate the greater rotation at these locations

164
Q

what happens to the vertebral artery after it enters the subarachnoid space at C1

A

the vertebral artery ascends along the medulla oblongata to the pontine medullary Junction where the right and left arteries unite to form the basilar artery

165
Q

what suboccipital muscles attach to C1

A

rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis Superior, obliquus capitis inferior

166
Q

which suboccipital muscles attach to C2

A

rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior

167
Q

which erector spinae muscles attach to the cervical spine

A

iliocostalis thoracis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, spinal cervicis, spinals capitis

168
Q

which transversospinalis muscles attaches to the cervical spine

A

semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotators

169
Q

what joint classifications are present at C1

A

synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal, synovial pivot (diarthrosis trochoid), synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) and fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

170
Q

what joint classifications are present at C2

A

synovial pivot, synovial plane, modified synovial saddle, fibrous syndesmosis and cartilaginous symphysis joint

171
Q

what joint classifications are present at each typical cervical

A

synovial plane, modified synovial saddle, fibrous syndesmosis and cartilaginous symphysis

172
Q

what drug classifications are present at C7

A

synovial plane, modified synovial saddle, fibrous syndesmosis and cartilaginous symphysis

173
Q

what forms the boundary for the exit of the C1 nerve for the spinal canal

A

occipital condyle, Superior articular process of C1, capsular ligament, arcuate Rim, Groove for the vertebral artery, posterior atlanto occipital ligament

174
Q

what forms the boundaries for the exit of the C2 nerve from the spinal canal

A

inferior articular process of C1, Superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament, inferior vertebral Notch of C1, Superior vertebral Notch of C2, posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2, posterior atlanto axial ligament

175
Q

what forms the anterior boundary for the C2 nerve exit from the spinal canal

A

inferior articular process of C1, Superior articular process of C2, capsular ligament

176
Q

what forms the posterior boundary it for the C2 nerve exit from the spinal canal

A

the posterior arch of C1, lamina of C2 and posterior atlanto axial ligament

177
Q

what forms the anterior boundary for the C3 through C7 nerve exit from the spinal canal

A

the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, posterior longitudinal ligament, uncinate process, lateral Groove

178
Q

what forms the anterior boundary for the cat of exit from the spinal canal

A

the vertebral bodies of C7 and T1, intervertebral disc, posterior longitudinal ligament, capsular ligament of the Costo Central joint, Superior costal facet of T1 and articular surface of the first rib

179
Q

what are the superior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebra

A

C1 is backward, upward, medial. C2 is backward, upward, lateral. C3 through C7 is backward, upward, medial

180
Q

what are the inferior articular facet orientations for the cervical vertebrae

A

see one is backward, downward, medial (bmd). C2 thru C6 is forward, downward, lateral (fold). C7 is forward, downward, medial (formed).

181
Q

how many synovial joints are identified for each cervical vertebra

A

C1 is 5, C2 is eight, C3-6 is eight, C7 is six

182
Q

how many joints are identified at the vertebral body of each cervical vertebra

A

C1 is none, C2 is 10, C3 through 6 is 10, C7 is 8

183
Q

what features will allow discrimination between T2 through T4 and T5 through T8 segmental groups

A

the vertebral body, transverse process, articular process and spinous process

184
Q

what is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from Superior View

A

triangular

185
Q

what is the name given to the left side of parents of the vertebral body of T5 through T8

A

the aortic impression

186
Q

what is the aortic impression

A

the flattening of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims on the left side of the vertebral body of T5 through T8 which gives the vertebral body a less scalloped or less indented appearance on that side

187
Q

what part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5 through T8

A

the left side Superior and inferior epiphyseal rims

188
Q

what is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body

A

the posterior height is greater than the anterior height by 1 to 2 mm

189
Q

what is the height pattern of the intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region

A

the intervertebral discs are rather plain are or flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior height

190
Q

what is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine

A

the vertebral body height differences

191
Q

in terms of the anterior posterior curves of the vertebral column, what direction will the thoracic spine face

A

posterior

192
Q

what is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern

A

a kyphotic curve

193
Q

what join classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

fibrous syndesmosis, cartilaginous symphysis and synovial plane

194
Q

how many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

4

195
Q

how many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

two

196
Q

how many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

typically 10. 14 if the costocentral stellate/ radiate ligaments are included

197
Q

what is the name given to the Joint formed between the vertebral body and rib

A

costocentral joint

198
Q

how many CostcoCentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic

A

4

199
Q

which of the demifacets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger

A

the superior costal demifacet

200
Q

what feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics

A

the costocentral joint or ribs

201
Q

what is the size relationship between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal demifacet surface

A

the rib surface is greater than the costal demifacet surface

202
Q

which muscle or muscles is attached to the vertebral body of T2 through T3

A

the longus coli

203
Q

what is the angulation of the particle in the typical thoracic region

A

10 - 15 degrees posterolateral from the sagittal plane

204
Q

which x-ray view is used to see into the intervertebral foramen of a typical thoracic

A

the lateral View

205
Q

which vertebral notch or incisor is said to be prominent

A

the inferior vertebral notch

206
Q

what is the nerve / vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen

A

in the intervertebral foramen, the number of the nerve is the same as the number of the upper thoracic in the vertebral couple

207
Q

what is the rib / vertebral body relationship at the typical thoracic intervertebral foramen

A

in the intervertebral foramen, the number of the rib is the same as the number of the lower thoracic in the vertebral couple

208
Q

what is the overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region

A

shingling

209
Q

in which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest

A

the transverse plane, the vertebral transverse diameter

210
Q

what is the distance between the transverse tubercles and the typical thoracic region

A

from tea to each transfers domitor becomes shorter as the transverse processes angle more posterior

211
Q

what is present on the transverse tubercle of a typical thoracic

A

the transverse costal facet

212
Q

what is the rib / transverse process relationship for the typical thoracics

A

the number of the rib is the same as the number of the vertebra whose transverse process is being studied, fifth rib with T5 transverse process

213
Q

what is the classification of the costotransverse joint

A

synovial plane joint

214
Q

what are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint

A

the transverse costal facet and the articular surface of the tubercle of a rib

215
Q

what ligaments support the cost of transverse joint of a typical thoracic

A

the superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse, and lateral costotransverse ligaments

216
Q

the superior cost of transverse ligament of rib 5 will attach to which vertebral feature

A

the transverse process of T4

217
Q

what ligaments attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic

A

intertransverse, capsular costotransverse, Superior costotransverse, inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

218
Q

which muscles May attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic

A

longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis thoracis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus and levator costarum brevis.

219
Q

of the muscles attaching to the transverse process of typical thoracics which one will attach only to the T5 T8 vertebral segments

A

semispinalis thoracis and levator costarum longus

220
Q

how did the transverse diameters of the articular processes compare and the t2 through T4 region

A

the superior articular process transverse diameter is greater than the inferior articular process transverse diameter for given segment

221
Q

how did the transverse diameters of the articular process compare in the T5 through T8 region

A

the superior articular process transverse diameter is the same as or equal to the inferior articular process transverse diameter for a given segment

222
Q

what is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic

A

backward, upward, and lateral. Bul

223
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic

A

forward, downward, and medial. Formed

224
Q

what is the curvature of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic

A

they are slightly convex

225
Q

what is the curvature of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic

A

they are slightly concave

226
Q

what is the drug classification of the articular facet joint

A

synovial plane

227
Q

how many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic

A

10

228
Q

identify the synovial joint surfaces present on a typical thoracic

A

2 Superior costal demifacets, two inferior costal demifacets, two transverse costal facets, 2 Superior articular facets, two inferior articular facets

229
Q

what is the name given to the overlap of spinous processes in the thoracic region

A

imbrication

230
Q

imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracic

A

T5 through T8

231
Q

which thoracic has the longest spinous process

A

T8

232
Q

what is the angulation of the spinous process of T2 through T4

A

the undersurface of T2 through T4 spinous processes will angle up to 40 degrees from the horizontal plane

233
Q

what is the angulation of the spinous process of T5 through T8

A

the undersurface of T5 through T8 spinous processes will angle up to 60 degrees from the horizontal plane

234
Q

what joint classification is associated with typical thoracic spinous process ligaments

A

fibrous syndesmosis joint

235
Q

which muscles May attach to the spinous process of a typical thoracic

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid major, serratus posterior Superior, splenius cervicis, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis Services, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis , multifidus, Rotator longus, Rotator brevis and interspinalis

236
Q

which muscles attach into the spinous process of a typical thoracic are not included in any muscle layer of the true back

A

splenius cervicis, splenius capitis and inter spinalis

237
Q

what joint classifications are present at every typical thoracic vertebra

A

fibrous syndesmosis, cartilaginous symphysis and synovial plane

238
Q

what is the appearance of the superior surface of the vertebral body of T 1

A

it is somewhat cup-shaped with elevations at the posterior and lateral margin

239
Q

what made the elevations on the vertebral body of T1 represent

A

uncinate processes

240
Q

what is the appearance of the inferior surface of the vertebral body of T1

A

typically flat, lacking anterior and posterior lips characteristic of the cervical

241
Q

how many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1

A

four normally

242
Q

how many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebrae body of T1

A

two

243
Q

how many syndesmosis joints are formed of the vertebral body of T1

A

typically for are identified, as many as eight if the rib articulation is included

244
Q

how many joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1

A

typically 10, 14 if the rib ligaments are included

245
Q

how many Costco Central joints are formed at the vertebral body of T1

A

4

246
Q

what synovial joint surfaces are present on the T1 vertebral body

A

the right and left Superior costal facet, the right and left inferior costal demifacet

247
Q

what is the rib / vertebral body combination at the intervertebral foramen for the 8th cervical nerve

A

the superior costal facet of T1 will joint with the articular surface of the head of the first rib

248
Q

what ligament supports the cost of central joint of the first rib

A

the Costco Central Stella / radiate ligament

249
Q

what ligaments support the Costo Central joint of the second rib

A

the Costo Central stellate / radiate ligament and the Costo Central interarticular or intra-articular ligament

250
Q

what muscle is attached to the vertebral body of T1

A

the longus colli

251
Q

what ligaments support the cost of transverse joint of T1

A

the inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

252
Q

what ligament is absent at the costotransverse Joint of T1

A

the superior costotransverse ligament

253
Q

which Costo transverse joint will the superior costotransverse ligament of T1 support

A

the second rib costotransverse joint

254
Q

what muscles attach to the transverse process of T1

A

longissimus thoracis, longissimus cervicis, longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis, semispinalis capitis, multifidis, rotator longus, rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum brevis

255
Q

which specific transversospinalis muscle is absent from T1

A

semispinalis thoracis

256
Q

what is the orientation of the superior articular facet of T1

A

backward, upward, lateral. Bul

257
Q

what is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of T1

A

forward, downward, medial. Formed

258
Q

what is the classification of the articular facet joint of T1

A

synovial plane

259
Q

how many synovial joints are present at T1

A

10

260
Q

how many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present at T1

A

6

261
Q

which vertebrae have been identified as forming the vertebral prominence

A

C6, C7, T1

262
Q

what is the gender bias associated with T1 as the vertebral prominence

A

males, 9%, are more likely than females, 6%, to demonstrate T1 as the vertebral prominence

263
Q

what muscles attach to the spinous process of T1

A

the trapezius, rhomboid minor, serratus posterior Superior, splenius capitis, spinalis thoracis, spinalis cervicis, spinalis capitis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, Rotator longus, Rotator brevis, enter spinalis

264
Q

which synovial joint surfaces may be absent from the vertebral body of T9

A

inferior costal demifacets

265
Q

which muscles attach to the transverse process of T9

A

longissimus thoracis, semi spinalis thoracis, multifidus, Rotator longus, Rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus, and levator costarum brevis

266
Q

which is the last arrested vertebra to have an inferior costal Demi facet

A

T9

267
Q

what muscles attach to the spinous process of T9

A

the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, multifidus, Rotator longus, Rotator brevis and inter spinalis

268
Q

which muscles are conspicuously absent at the T9 spinous process

A

spinalis and semispinalis

269
Q

how many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10

A

two

270
Q

how many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of T10

A

two

271
Q

how many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of T10

A

typically four are identified, as many as eight if the cost of central stellate / radiate ligaments are included

272
Q

which synovial joint surface is absent from vertebral body of T10

A

inferior costal demifacets

273
Q

para articular processes are more commonly observed on which segment of the spine

A

T10

274
Q

what is typically present on the transverse tubercle of T10

A

the transverse costal facet

275
Q

what muscles attach to the transverse process of T10

A

longissimus thoracis, semispinalis thoracis, multifidus, Rotator longus, Rotator brevis, intertransversarii, levator costarum longus and levator costarum brevis

276
Q

which rib related facet is absent on T10

A

the inferior costal demifacet

277
Q

what is the orientation of the spinous process of T10

A

posterior and slightly inferior, it will shorten and become more horizontal

278
Q

a dimpling or depression of the skin in the thoracic region is often characteristic of the location of which segment

A

T10

279
Q

what muscles attach to the spinous process of T10

A

the trapezius, latissimus dorsi, multifidus, Rotator longus, Rotator brevis and inter spinalis

280
Q

what name is given to t11

A

the anticlinal vertebra

281
Q

how many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of t11

A

two

282
Q

how many symphysis joints are formed with a vertebral body of T 11

A

two

283
Q

how many joints are typically formed at the vertebral body of T 11

A

typically 8, 12 if the Costo Central stellate / radiate ligaments are included

284
Q

what is present at the tip of the transverse process of t-11

A

the transverse tubercle

285
Q

what part of the transverse process is absent present on t11

A

the transverse costal facet

286
Q

which vertebra is the last segment to demonstrate a transverse costal facet

A

T10

287
Q

what ligaments form the cost of transverse joint of t-11

A

the superior costotransverse, and slightly developed inferior costotransverse and lateral costotransverse ligaments

Spinal Anatomy (4 decks)

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