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Psychology of Women > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

interruptions

A

men: more likely to use intrusive interruptions in conversations with others

women: more likely to use affiliative interruptions in conversations with others

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2
Q

communication patterns (male)

A
  • talk more
  • large personal space
  • relaxed posture
  • gaze less
  • smile less
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3
Q

characteristics related to helping and caring

A
  • altruism
  • nurturance
  • empathy
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4
Q

christov Moore and Marco lacoboni

A

females better as feeling others pain

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5
Q

friendships

A
  • girls have smaller number of friends
  • boys are friends with those who belong in the same group
  • women more helpful and spend more time helping friends
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6
Q

gender of leader

A

companies with more women in top management have better financial performance

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7
Q

gender of rater

A

men more likely to negatively rate women leaders

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8
Q

gender of consistent roles

A

women in stereotypical male domains rated negatively

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9
Q

role congruity theory

A

women leaders perceived as violating female role in society leading to prejudice against women leaders

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10
Q

who is more persuasive

A

assertiveness persuades more people. therefore men

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11
Q

personality gender differences

A

men score lower on:
- neuroticism
- agreeableness
- conscientiousness
men higher in all three dark triad traits
women score higher in the big 5 traits.

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12
Q

working women terminology

A
  • employed: work for pay
  • non employed: unpaid work, volunteer, housework
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13
Q

factors predicting employment for women

A
  • children
  • ethnicity
  • education
  • gender
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14
Q

discrimination in hiring patterns

A

affirmative action: special efforts to consider qualified members of underrepresented groups during hiring and decisions about salary and promotion

reverse discrimination: fewer than 3% of affirmative action court cases involve reverse discrimination

treatment discrimination: discrimination at job

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15
Q

discrimination in promotions

A

glass ceiling: highest point they can reach
labyrinth metaphor: stuck where they are
glass cliff: keeps out of upper management

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16
Q

discriminations in promotions

A

sticky floors: stuck
glass escalator: men fast tracked in women dominated roles

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17
Q

two predictions follow social role theory

A
  1. gender differences should be stronger in gender-inegalitarian societies with strong gender roles than those with weak
  2. as traditional roles weaken over time and as women and men assume more nearly equal; roles in society psychological gender differences should weaken and even disappear
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18
Q

mccrae hypothesized…

A

traditional societies with strong gender roles, people tend to attribute behavioural gender differences to powerful gender roles rather than differences in mens and women’s internal dispositions

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19
Q

romantic love integrates 3 biologically based behaviour systems

A
  1. attachment
  2. caregiving
  3. sexuality
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20
Q

similarities in mate characteristics

A

intelligent, kind, understanding, dependable, healthy, love

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21
Q

differences in mate characteristics

A

women: financial, older, ambition
men: younger, looks

22
Q

social roles approach

A

men and women occupy different social roles

23
Q

characteristics of happy marriages

A
  • emotional stability
  • good communication skills
  • strong conflict-resolution skills
  • mutual respect, support and trust
  • equal sharing household tasks
24
Q

power in marriage

A

traditional: men more power
egalitarian: equal

25
Q

principle of lesser interest (waller)

A

partner less dependent on relationship has more power

26
Q

4 horsemen of the apocalypse

A

criticism–> gentle start up (use I statements)

contempt –> build culture of appreciation (remind self of partners positive qualities and find gratitude)

defensiveness–> take responsibility

stonewalling–> physiological self-soothing (take a break and spend time doing something soothing)

27
Q

characteristics of lesbian relationships

A

beginning: similar tp heterosexual, emphasis on intimacy

equality: more egalitarian

satisfaction: similar

breaking up: similar, less support from family and friends

28
Q

fluidity of female sexual orientation

A

stable lesbian: consistently attracted to women

fluid lesbian: questioned lesbian identity at some point

unlabelled: did not want to be labelled in any category

sexual fluidity: women sexual beliefs and behaviours are more easily shaped and altered by cultural, social, situational factors, more likely to change orientation than men

29
Q

theoretical explanations

A

biological: 24% of twins were both lesbian

social constructionist approach: sexuality is both fluid and flexible

dynamical systems approach: feelings, experiences, situations interact to create women’s identity

30
Q

single women

A
  • more likely to work outside of home
  • more independent
  • highly educated
31
Q

singlism

A

BIAS: lonely, unhappy, insecure, sociable

ADV: more freedom, privacy, independent

DIS: loneliness

32
Q

4 phases of sexual response

A
  1. excitement
  2. plateau
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution

MEN: need a recovery phase before orgasm again, women can just keep going

33
Q

schools and sex education

A
  • sex education in school often has little impact on behaviour
  • comprehensive sex education programs lead to lower pregnancy rates and sexual activities
34
Q

predictors of early sexuality

A

ethnicity, low self esteem, poor academics, poor parent child relationships, low income, drug and alcohol use

35
Q

hooking up

A

more men initiate hook up, both genders equally report actually doing it

36
Q

positive themes

A

having fun, sexual desires, potential to develop relationship

37
Q

cost themes

A

regret, sexual risk, loss of respect

38
Q

communication about sexuality

A

most couples uncomfortable talking about it, more women prefer to ask for consent, men more likely to just assume

39
Q

sexual infidelity

A

women more upset over emotional infidelity, men more upset with sexual infidelity

40
Q

sexual disorders

A

sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety, cant reach orgasm

41
Q

birth control

A
  • allowed more power for women
  • allowed women more education and started entering male dominated work fields
  • married later
  • had less children
42
Q

abortion

A
  • relief and sadness
  • partner support influenced psychological outcome
  • depressed after first trimester
  • after 2 years women were satisfied with decision
43
Q

pregnancy effects on organs

A
  • weight gain
  • breast tender
  • frequent urination
  • fatigue
  • nausea
44
Q

pregnancy positive emotions

A
  • excitement
  • attachment
45
Q

pregnancy negative emotions

A
  • anxiety
  • health issues
  • miscarriage
46
Q

factors affecting childbirth experience

A
  • social support
  • socio-economic status
  • cultural expectations
47
Q

motherhood negative factors

A
  • physical challenges
  • economic difficulties
  • health issues
  • lack of support
48
Q

motherhood positive factors

A
  • emotional fulfillment
  • strength
49
Q

motherhood and women of colour

A

2 or 3x higher infant maternal mortality

50
Q

postpartum disturbances

A

postpartum blues: crying, insomnia, anxiety, overwhelmed

depression: within 6 months of childbirth

51
Q

infertility

A

anxious, emotional challenges, can get treatments

Psychology of Women (3 decks)

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