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AIS > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

Chapters 5-8

1
Q

Database

A

a collection of related data for various uses

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2
Q

Hierarchical Data Model

A

organizes data into a tree-like structure that allows repeating

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3
Q

Network Data Mode

A

flexible model representing objects and their relationships (looks like a net)

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4
Q

Relational Data Model

A

data model that stores information in the form of related two-dimensional tables

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5
Q

DBMS

A

(1) A computer program that creates, modifies and queries the database.
(2) Designed to manage a database’s storage and retrieval of information

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6
Q

Data Dictionary

A

Describes the data fields in each database record such as field description, field length, field type

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7
Q

Database Administrator

A

The person responsible for the design, implementation, repair and security of a firm’s database

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8
Q

Primary Key

A

uniquely identifies a specific row in a table

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9
Q

Foreign Key

A

attribute in one table that acts as primary key in another table; provides a link

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10
Q

Tables

A

store data which consists of a series of rows (records) and columns (attributes) connected by relationships (links between tables by foreign keys)

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11
Q

Queries

A

retrieve and display data derived from records stored within the database

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12
Q

Forms

A

enter data into tables and view existing records, powered by queries

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13
Q

Reports

A

integrate data from one or more queries and tables, cannot edit database info

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14
Q

Pages

A

web-based forms, data can be entered in real time from outside of the database system

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15
Q

Macros

A

automate processes like opening a specific form

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16
Q

Modules

A

alter Access’s code

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17
Q

Structured Query Language (SQL)

A

A computer language designed to query data in a relational database

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18
Q

INSERT operator

A

create a new record (row)

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19
Q

SELECT operator

A

begin a query; tells the query which columns of a table should be included in the query

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20
Q

UPDATE operator

A

update record

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21
Q

DELETE operator

A

delete existing record

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22
Q

FROM clause

A

added to the SELECT statement; indicates the name of table(s) from which to retrieve data

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23
Q

WHERE clause

A

states the criteria that must be met to be shown in the query result

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24
Q

GROUP BY operator

A

is used with aggregate functions on the query results based on one or more columns

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25
Q

ORDER BY clause

A

identifies which columns are used to sort the resulting data

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26
Q

SELECT DISTINCT clause

A

selects a column without showing repetitive values

27
Q

BETWEEN operator

A

can be used to specify the end points of a range

28
Q

Membership operator

A

allows you to test whether a data value matches the specified target values

29
Q

Structure Models

A

(1) DESCRIBE the data and info
(2) CREATE a blueprint
(3) FACILITATE the use of databases after they are implemented

30
Q

Classes

A

are separately identifiable collections of things about which
the organization wants to collect and store information

31
Q

Associations

A

depict the relationship between two classes

32
Q

Multiplicities

A

describe the MIN and MAX number of times instances of one class can be associated with instances in another class

33
Q

Attributes

A

data elements that describe the characteristics of instances in a class (or rows in a table)

34
Q

Generalization Relationship

A

allow grouping of things that share common characteristics.

35
Q

Aggregation Relationship

A

describe classes that are usually connected (e.g. players on a team)

36
Q

Composition Relationship

A

describe classes that are connected (e.g. chapters in a book)

37
Q

Notes

A

(1) allow the modeler to add explanations.
(2) used to describe constraints

38
Q

Role Designation

A

is helpful when the associations b/w 2 classes depends on the specific roles that objects in one class take on

39
Q

Contraints

A

can be modeled with notes or placed near the constraint end of an association

40
Q

What are the step sin implementing a database from a class diagram?

A

(1) MAP classes to tables
(2) MAP class ATTRIBUTES to table fields and assign PKs
(3) MAP ASSOCIATIONS to FKs
(4) CREATE new tables to implements M-to-M relationships
(5) IMPLEMENT relationships among tables following the class diagram

41
Q

Business Rules

A

Succinct statement of constraints on a business process

42
Q

What are the 8 decision categories?

A

(1) Eligibility/Approval
(2) Validation
(3) Calculation
(4) Risk
(5) Fraud
(6) Opportunity
(7) Assignment
(8) Targeting

43
Q

Obligatory Business Rules

A

states what should occur

44
Q

Prohibited Business Rules

A

states what should not occur

45
Q

Allowed Business Rules

A

says what is allowed under what conditions

46
Q

What are the 4 enforcement levels?

A

(1) STRICT
(2) PRE-OVERRIDE
(3) POST-OVERRIDE
(4) GUIDELINES

47
Q

What does the decision table consist of?

A

(1) Name
(2) Set of outputs
(3) Set of inputs
(4) Set of rules

48
Q

What are the 3 main functions of internal controls?

A

(1) PREVENTION
(2) DECTECTION
(3) CORRECTION

49
Q

Context of the Model

A

identify external actors and the exchanges between the company and those actors.

50
Q

Access Controls

A

Limit who can use and change records in the system.

51
Q

Application controls.

A

Ensure data integrity and an audit trail.

52
Q

Field Checks

A

ensure that each entry is the correct data type, such as numbers or dates

53
Q

Validity Checks

A

ensure that each entry contains acceptable values, often implemented by dropdown lists or calendars to select dates

54
Q

Limit and Range Checks

A

ensure entries are within appropriate limits

55
Q

Reasonableness checks

A

compare entries in one field against related fields to ensure values are reasonable

56
Q

Completeness checks

A

ensure all required fields are entered before a record can be created or updated

57
Q

What does REA stand for?

A

Resource
Events
Agents

58
Q

Type Image

A

class that represents management information (i.e categories) to help manage a business process

59
Q

Collaboration

A

a BPMN model showing two participant pools and the interactions between them within a process

60
Q

Gateway

A

a BPMN symbol that shows process branching and merging as the result of decisions

61
Q

Intermediate Event

A

an event that occurs between start and end events and affect the flow of the process

62
Q

Subprocess

A

a series of process steps that are hidden from view in BPMN
- Helps to REDUCE COMPLEXITY

63
Q

Timer Events

A

indication of a delay in the flow of a process to a specific date
(1) elapsed time or
(2) relative repetitive date

AIS (2 decks)

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