exam 2 Flashcards
A declining dependency ratio_________.
a.
requires increased spending on education and old-age medical expenses.
b.
requires decreased spending on education but increased costs associated with old-age medical expenses.
c.
requires increased spending on education but decreased costs associated with old-age medical expenses.
d.
permits decreased spending on education and old-age medical expenses.
d.
permits decreased spending on education and old-age medical expenses.
A person who dies of a heart attack at the age of 93 is more likely to have lived in a
a.
country in South America.
b.
developed country.
c.
developing country.
d.
country located near the equator.
b.
developed country.
A soil texture triangle reveals the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay. According to the soil texture triangle, if you have 25% silt, 25% clay, and 50% sand, which soil texture class do you have? (exam 2 q. 3)
a.
Sandy loam
b.
Sandy clay loam
c.
Clay loam
d.
Silt loam
b.
Sandy clay loam
As a cold front moves into an area of warm, moist air, we would expect to see cloud formations as
a.
high altitude air masses fall and condense.
b.
evaporation and transpiration increase.
c.
the warm air rises and condenses.
d.
the cold air rises and condenses.
c.
the warm air rises and condenses.
As environmental systems have declined, human well-being has improved. What is the most probable reason for this “Environmentalist’s Paradox”?
a.
Degradation of environmental systems has not been measured properly and in fact has not declined.
b.
Enhanced food production has outweighed declines in ecosystem services.
c.
Human well-being has not been measured properly and in fact has not improved.
d.
Humans are adapted to degraded environments.
b.
Enhanced food production has outweighed declines in ecosystem services.
At the mouth of the Mississippi River, large concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus flow into the Gulf of Mexico, causing nutrient overloading, algal blooms, and extremely low levels of oxygen. One of the major revolutions in human history, the ___________ __________________, is most responsible for this problem.
a.
Green revolution
b.
Industrial revolution
c.
Neolithic revolution
d.
Medical revolution
a.
Green revolution
Converting forests to mostly paved urban areas has largely altered the hydrology of the affected watersheds because
a.
infiltration has increased and surface runoff has decreased.
b.
both infiltration and surface runoff have decreased.
c.
both infiltration and surface runoff have increased.
d.
infiltration has decreased and surface runoff has increased.
d.
infiltration has decreased and surface runoff has increased.
Even if a developing country reduces its birth rate and maintains replacement-level fertility, its population will still continue to grow for several decades because of_____________. This population growth is due to the current number of people in the childbearing age-range.
a.
demographic transition
b.
population momentum
c.
carrying capacity
d.
population grey
b.
population momentum
Global warming during the 21st century is expected to
a.
have no impact on the hydrologic cycle.
b.
speed up the hydrologic cycle.
c.
reduce droughts and hurricanes worldwide.
d.
slow the hydrologic cycle.
Feedback
b.
speed up the hydrologic cycle.
If a country experiences 7 births, 2 deaths, and 1 new immigrant every minute of a year, how will its population change in one year?
a.
the population will decline by about 100,000 people
b.
the population will remain steady
c.
the population will increase by about 100,000 people
d.
the population will increase by about 3.2 million people
d.
the population will increase by about 3.2 million people
If r represents a gene for resistance to DDT, and to be resistant an individual must be homozygous, choose the resistant individual(s) below:
a.
RR
b.
None are resistant
c.
Rr
d.
rr
e.
All are resistant
d.
rr
In a country undergoing the demographic transition, population growth occurs because ______.
a.
The birth rate increases and the death rate remains unchanged
b.
The birth and death rates increase simultaneously
c.
Both the birth and death rates decline simultaneously
d.
The death rate declines first while the birthrate stays high
e.
The birthrate declines first, followed by the death rate
d.
The death rate declines first while the birthrate stays high
n any food web, biomagnification will result in the highest concentrations of toxins in the
a.
producers of the systems.
b.
highest trophic level of the systems.
c.
lowest trophic level of the systems.
d.
herbivores of the systems.
b.
highest trophic level of the systems.
In many coastal areas, springs of outflowing groundwater lie under the ocean. ________ occurs in coastal regions where the water table is falling due to groundwater overdraft.
a.
Biodiversity loss
b.
Saltwater intrusion
c.
Flooding
d.
Soil pollution
b.
Saltwater intrusion
In the western United States, rain shadows most frequently occur on
a.
the windward, west side of mountain ranges.
b.
the southern slopes of mountains, which receive more sunlight.
c.
the leeward, east side of mountain ranges.
d.
the northern slopes of mountains, which receive less sunlight.
c.
the leeward, east side of mountain ranges.
Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent? (exam 2 q.16)
a.
the total population, in millions
b.
the population of males and females
c.
the percentage of the population in each age class
d.
the age classes, in 5-year ranges
e.
the number of people born in a particular year
d.
the age classes, in 5-year ranges
Most molecular compounds that have a mass similar to water are gases at room temperature. Because of the strong __________ bonds, water molecules are able to stay condensed in the liquid state.
a.
ionic
b.
hydrogen
c.
none of them
d.
covalent
b.
hydrogen
Since 1985, total fertility rates have been _________.
a.
Increasing
b.
Staying the same
c.
About 2.0
d.
Declining
d.
Declining
Social modernization involves many aspects that revolve around
a.
technological development.
b.
agricultural development
c.
the education and enfranchisement of women.
d.
economic development.
c.
the education and enfranchisement of women.
The Alabama Canebrake pitcher plant is a carnivorous plant that is unique to Alabama, growing in only Autauga and Chilton counties in the central area of the state. The Canebrake grows in acidic soils that are low in nutrients. If you wanted to photograph a Canebrake, what type of wetland would you go to?
a.
Forested swamp
b.
Coastal marsh
c.
Maritime forest
d.
Bog
d.
Bog
