Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following represents a recent trend in the media?

A

The consolidation of media corporations

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2
Q

Statistical uncertainty in estimates associated with the fact that surveys do not interview every individual in the population of interest is called —–.

A

Sampling error

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3
Q

If you wanted to describe a social movement, which of the following statements would be your best choice?

A

Social movements often use conventional and disruptive tactics.

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4
Q

The labor movement “took off” when its goals coincided with the electoral needs of the Democratic Party. This is an example of —— as a factor that encouraged the creation of a Social Movement.

A

A supportive environment.

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5
Q

—— are the most solidly Democratic of any voting group in the population.

A

African Americans

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6
Q

Your friend is incredibly cynical about political parties, politicians, and incumbent political leaders. How might this be related to the effects of the media?

A

News reports feature a constant stream of negative messages about the government and its ability to solve problems in the US, which has turned her off politics.

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7
Q

Consistent with their belief in individualism, Americans tend to support ——.

A

Equality of opportunity

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8
Q

The 1969 Stonewall rebellion was the spark that set off the —— movement.

A

Gay rights

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9
Q

Which of the following is likely to contribute to a negative presidential approval rating?

A

Rising unemployment

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10
Q

What is one impact of the media’s tendency to give foreign events episodic coverage?

A

The public finds it difficult to form opinions about U.S. foreign policy.

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11
Q

How might media managers choose to cover a story about a human rights tragedy in order to get politicians to take action?

A

Highlight the tragedy in real time.

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12
Q

The main objective of the contemporary religious conservative movement is which of the following?

A

to end the legal availability of abortion in the US

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13
Q

Why do survey researchers worry about the wording of their questions when doing polling?

A

How a question is worded can affect how it is answered.

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14
Q

What is an iron triangle?

A

An alliance of common interest among an interest group, a congressional committee, and a bureaucratic agency.

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15
Q

The most common way a group can engage in grassroots lobbying is by —–.

A

Mobilizing local constituencies.

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16
Q

If findings from a random sample of 1,500 people have a 95% chance of accurately reflecting the views of the whole population within 3% points, what percentage of the overall population would favor changing voting day from Tuesday to Sunday if the poll found that 57% of those polled favored the change?

A

54 to 60%

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17
Q

In the sense of the definition of social movements as “the instruments of outsiders,” women’s rights, civil rights, religious fundamentalist, and pro-immigration activists make the political climate more democratic –.

A

By encouraging participation.

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18
Q

Why does political culture matter in American politics?

A

The solutions to the problems faced by Americans are heavily shaped by our core beliefs.

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19
Q

If your friend was raised by parents who consistently voted Republican, what political opinion of Democrats would you expect him to hold?

A

He would be ore skeptical of Democratic presidents than of republic presidents.

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20
Q

What is the significance of the Supreme Court decision in Brown c. Board of Education (1954)?

A

It declared “separate but equal” that came from the Plessydecision unconstitutional.

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21
Q

The commitment of Americans to individualism is a reflection of American ——.

A

Political culture

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22
Q

In Federalist No. 10, Madison argued that —–, or a group of individuals concerned more with their self-interest than with the rights oof individuals outside the group or with the needs of society as a whole, were the core threat to new republic.

A

Factions

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23
Q

Which would most likely be the source of the national news stories printed by your local paper?

A

the Associated Press

24
Q

The women’s movement, which ultimately failed in this goal, was focused on the passage of which amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

A

Equal Rights Amendment

25
Q

How might you characterize the difference between inside lobbying and outside lobbying?

A

Inside lobbyists advocate directly with decision-makers in government, while outside lobbying seeks to influence opinion and stimulate action by the general public.

26
Q

How does the poverty rate in the US compare to other Western democracies?

A

The poverty rate in the US is substantially higher.

27
Q

Why were Americans skeptical of the bailouts of the banking and automobile industries during the Great Recession?

A

Americans did not want to help industries they perceived to be powerful and privileged.

28
Q

According to the disturbance theory, interest groups form —–.

A

When individuals’ interests are threatened by changes in the social and economic environment or government policy.

29
Q

The influence of which of the following agents of socialization best explains why a young adult might tend to be distrustful of politicians?

A

Movies and other forms of popular entertainment, which often portray politicians as corrupt.

30
Q

The changing nature of the global economy affects the typical American worker in what way?

A

Fewer benefits

31
Q

Serena is a White, middle-class mother of two, in her mid-fifties who works as a librarian in the public library system of a large city in the American West. She tends to support Dem. candidates whose policies provide an economic safety net for those hardest hit by recessions but on occasion will vote Rep. when government enforcement of order and traditional values are under siege. Which label best describes Serena’s thinking?

A

Serena is an economic liberal and a social conservative.

32
Q

Which of the following are the main issues faced by researchers conducting public opinion polls?

A

Issues of sampling, timing, intensity, and wording

33
Q

Recent changes to the age of the American population are most likely to put a strain on which of the following?

A

Medicare

34
Q

Framing in the news involves ——.

A

Influencing people through news story interpretation.

35
Q

During recent election cycles, —— has dominated all forms of campaign financing.

A

Corporations

36
Q

The goals of the religious conservative movement directly contrast with the goals of which of the following?

A

Gay and lesbian movement

37
Q

How does inequality in the US compare with income inequality in other rich democracies around the world?

A

The US ranks very high on the measure of income inequality, and the problem seems to be getting worse.

38
Q

Which of the following supports the claim that aggregate public opinion is rational?

A

When the country is prosperous and ordinary Americans are doing well and feeling confident about the future, presidential approval ratings tend to be high.

39
Q

How does lobbying the executive branch differ from lobbying the judicial branch?

A

Lobbying the executive branch focuses on how agencies will carry out procedures, rules, and regulations whereas lobbying the courts focuses on how laws are interpreted by judges.

40
Q

Why have immigrants slowed the rate at which the American population is aging?

A

Immigrants are younger.

41
Q

Reporters get most of their political news from ——.

A

Government sources

42
Q

Successful social movements often transform into which of the following?

A

Interest groups

43
Q

Where did the framers couch the language that guaranteed freedom of the press in the American republic?

A

First Amendment

44
Q

In which way is lobbying the executive branch similar to lobbying the courts?

A

Both can involve lobbying related to the implementation of an existing policy.

45
Q

Mahatma Gandhi, whose beliefs were borrowed by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., advocated which tactic used in social movements?

A

Civil disobedience

46
Q

According to recent research, it seems that congressional policy ultimately is tied to the wishes of ——.

A

The wealthiest Americans

47
Q

What is the default position of most Americans when it comes to goevrnment?

A

They distrust it.

48
Q

Most online surveys fall prey to which common problem?

A

The samples are not random

49
Q

Which of the following is a political linkage that can be used to understand why poverty in the US only barely declined during recent periods of strong economic growth?

A

Public opinion opposes government programs that seem to redistribute income.

50
Q

Which of the following is the main type of organization that lobbies on behalf of workers?

A

Labor union

51
Q

The topics that get the most coverage in the news media at any point in time are the same ones that most people tell pollsters are the most important problems facing the country. What is this effect called?

A

Agenda setting

52
Q

A local news station is most likely to cover which of the following events?

A

A local stabbing

53
Q

The kind of reporting on Watergate, which is known as an investigative reporting, is ——-.

A

Rare because it is so time consuming and expensive.

54
Q

The Seneca Falls Declaration is similar in tone and language to ——-.

A

The Declaration of Independence.

55
Q

Studies show that how the media cover the news ——-.

A

Influences what people think about.