Exam 2

Question 1

Some of the first thyreophoran armored dinosaurs were bipedal (walked on two legs). [t/f]

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Of these dinosaurs, the dome-headed Pachycephalosaurus is most closely related to:

Answer 2

Triceratops

Question 3

an anatomical feature thought to be used for intraspecific combat

Answer 3

the horns and frill

Question 4

What are the most common fossils found at Edelman Fossil Park?

Answer 4

oysters

Question 5

Edelman Fossil Park scientific importance

Answer 5

one of only 2 places in the world that preserves fossils of animals which died in the mass extinction event

Question 6

When dinosaurs first evolved, all land on Earth was united into this supercontinent:

Answer 6

Pangaea

Question 7

The most successful, diverse, and abundant marine vertebrates during the time of dinosaurs were:

Answer 7

Teleost fish

Question 8

Birds lived at the same time as Tyrannosaurus rex. [t/f]

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Paleontologists name new dinosaur species based on what kinds of characters?

Answer 9

autapomorphies

Question 10

In phylogenetic cladistics, what is a clade?

Answer 10

a clade is all descendants of a common ancestor

Question 11

The state dinosaur of New Jersey, discovered in 1858 in nearby Haddonfield, is:

Answer 11

Hadrosaurus foulkii

Question 12

What is a synapomorphy?

Answer 12

a shared derived character

Question 13

What does it mean to be a facultative biped?

Answer 13

It means that they usually walk on four legs, but they could also walk/jog on two legs

Question 14

pangea splits up into what?

Answer 14

top Laurasia and bottom Gondwana

Question 15

what era encapsulates the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Period

Answer 15

mesozoic era

Question 16

what is parsimony?

Answer 16

choosing the simplest explanation is probably the correct one

Question 17

what is its ancestral state?

Answer 17

plesiomorphic

Question 18

what are derived states? meaning they differ from their ancestor?

Answer 18

apomorphic

Question 19

what are derived characterrs unique to a single species (or clade)?

Answer 19

autapomorphies

Question 20

what are shared derived characters owing to common descent

Answer 20

synamorphies

Question 21

what are shared derived characters owing to common descent

Answer 21

synapomorphies

Question 22

what are shared derived characters resulting from independent evolution

Answer 22

homoplasies

Question 23

what does it mean when they evolve independently at different times from different ancestors

Answer 23

convergent evolution

Question 24

what are shared derived characters owing to common descent?

Answer 24

synapomorphies

Question 25

what did dinosaurs eat?

Answer 25

Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Ferns

Question 26

what kind of posture do crocodilians have?

Answer 26

sprawling

Question 27

what animal can extend jaws forward?

Answer 27

Teleosts

Question 28

when did the first mammals evolve from reptiles

Answer 28

the late triassic ~230 Mya

Question 29

what was a large well known mammal in the Mesozoic?

Answer 29

repenomamus

Question 30

How do we figure out how dinosaurs are related?

Answer 30

Systematics

Question 31

what is study of classification and naming of organisms

Answer 31

Taxonomy

Question 32

what is the study of relationships among species

Answer 32

Phylogenetics

Question 33

what are the two kinds of dinosaurs - initial split of evolution

Answer 33

Saurischia, Ornithischian

Question 34

what is a Saurischia dinosaur? (diagnosis)

Answer 34

• pubis with only one anterior prong
• t-rex
• smaller gut cavity, possible diet adaptation
• carnivores

Question 35

what is an Ornithischian dinosaur? (diagnosis)

Answer 35

• pubis prong goes forward, and back. two projections of bone
• think the expanded stomach for space for fermenting gut

Question 36

what is the advanced way of chewing that Hypsilophodontidae did?

Answer 36

Pleurokinesis

Question 37

what are scutes called?

Answer 37

Osteoderms