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Meow Meow > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Primary lymphoid organs are:

A

Thymus and red bone marrow

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2
Q

Which lymphatic structure receives lymph from the left shoulder?

A

Thoracic Duct

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3
Q

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right side of the head and
thorax?

A

Right lymphatic duct

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4
Q

Lymph collecting from the lower extremities would first pool in the ___ in the
abdominal cavity before moving on up

A

cisterna chyli

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5
Q

When the lymphatics are blocked due to a parasitic infection in a limb, the result
is

A

severe localized edema distal to the blockage

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6
Q

Which lymphatic structure receives lymph from the left lung?

A

Thoracic Duct

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?

A

c. Replaces injured tissues with connective tissue scar-

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8
Q

Select the correct statement about phagocyte mobilization during an
inflammatory response

A

Mainly neutrophils and macrophages migrate into inflamed areas

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9
Q

The four signs of inflammation are

A

Pain, swelling, heat, and redness

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10
Q

Fever:

A

Is regulated by chemicals that reset the body’s thermostat to a
higher setting

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11
Q

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes

A

The two main types are T-cells and B-cells

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12
Q

A primary adaptive immune response

A

Has a lag period while B-cells proliferate and differentiate into
plasma cells

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13
Q

Which of the following is not involved in the activation of a B-cell during a
primary immune response?

A

Antigen

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14
Q

___ are released by activated T-cells and macrophages to mobilize immune
cells and attract other leukocytes into the area:

A

Cytokines

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15
Q

The only T-cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the:

A

Cytotoxic T-Cells

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16
Q

Antibody functions are true for all of the following, except for

A

Agglutination- cross-linking cell-bound antigens on red blood
cells, when blood types are not correctly matched

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17
Q

Delayed (Type IV) hypersensitivities:

A

Include allergic contact dermatitis

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18
Q

Select the correct statement about both active and passive immunity

A

Both are mechanisms of specific immunity that use antibodies

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19
Q

An immediate hypersensitivity that involves the reaction of an antigen to IgE
antibodies on mast cells, like occurs with asthma, is known as:

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity- IgE

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20
Q

Which set of blood vessels and heart chambers are involved with pulmonary
circulation

A

Right ventricle, pulmonary artery, and left atrium

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21
Q

The most powerful respiratory stimulus for increased ventilation in a normal
healthy person is:

A

Increased conversion of carbon dioxide into carbonic acid

22
Q

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell
membranes by which process

A

Diffusion

23
Q

The lungs do not normally collapse because of

A

Both surfactant protein and negative intrapleural pressure

24
Q

During quiet expiration, the

A

Thorax and lungs passively recoil

25
Q

Which specific structure seals the larynx when we swallow?

A

Epiglottis

26
Q

The correct order of structures that air moves past when moving towards the
lungs is as follows:

A

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

27
Q

What respiratory factor contributes to and most directly regulated blood pH
levels?

A

a. Carbon dioxide levels in the blood

28
Q

The respiratory membrane serves to allow for rapid exchange of gases in the
lungs, which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane?

A

Secretory epithelium

29
Q

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the
alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen to out.

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

30
Q

Wavelike smooth muscle contractions that move foodstuffs through the
alimentary tube.

A

Peristalsis

31
Q

Process by which the products of digestion are passed through the lumen of the
intestinal tract into the blood or lymph

A

Absorption

32
Q

What is true of the process called ‘deglutition.’

A

Requires coordinated activation of both skeletal muscles and smooth muscles

33
Q

Chyme is created in the

A

Stomach

34
Q

Chemical digestion of proteins is initiated in the ____.

A

Stomach

35
Q

A small portion of the chemical digestion of lipids is initiated early in the

A

Mouth

36
Q

Gastrin, histamine, endorphine, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin
are hormones that are released directly into the lamina propria (submucosa).
Which of the following cell types synthesize and secrete these products?

A

Enteroendocrine cells

37
Q

The digestive function of the liver is to produce ___.

A

Bile salts

38
Q

The middle segment of the small intestine is known as the:

A

Jejunum- middle

39
Q

Wide lymphatic capillary located within each villus

A

Lacteal

40
Q

The function of the hepatic portal venous circulation is to

A

Collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing or storage

41
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the large intestine? It

A

Is longer than the small intestine- it is shorter than the long intestine

42
Q

Relatively high levels of ____ are considered good to protect against heart and
vascular diseases.

A

High density lipoprotein (HDL

43
Q

A course of antibiotics would likely affect the uptake of which essential
nutrients?

A

Vitamins K and B

44
Q

The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available body fuel in
humans is

A

Glucose

45
Q

Increased use of non-carbohydrate molecules to conserve glucose for essential
systems (i.e. nervous system) during periods of low glucose intake is called:

A

Glucose Sparing

46
Q

For a normal healthy person, proteins are essential to the body for the following activities, except:

A

Energy production within cells

47
Q

Lipogenesis occurs when:

A

Cellular ATP and stored glucose levels are high

48
Q

Ghrelin is a hormone produced by the stomach that produces the feeling of
‘hunger’ by acting on the hypothalamus in the brain. After eating a meal, which
short-term appetite regulators are being released that achieve a temporary
feeling of ‘satiety’?

A

Leptin and peptide YY

49
Q

Glycogen formation in the liver in response to insulin occurs during the

A

Absorptive state

50
Q

As the body progresses from the absorptive state to the post absorptive state,
___ continues to use glucose for energy while other organs in the body switch
to fatty acids.

A

Brain

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