Exam

Question 1

What is Thomism

Answer 1

Founded by st Thomas aquinas, combines christian theology with Aristotle. He emphasizes the idea of being (esse). Personalism emerged as a reaction to philosophies treating humans as merely mechanical.

Thominism defends human rights.
Thominism personalism indicates every human has value not for what they do or archived but just for what they are. Every person must be treated with respect and care no matter their status.

Humans are relational beings- reflecting communal dimension

Question 2

Ethics and moral comes from?

Answer 2

Ethos (character)
Mos (lifestyle, way of acting)

Question 3

What does being a person mean

Answer 3

Being unique irreplaceable, and deserving respect

Question 4

Two types of consciousness

Answer 4

Antecedent (judgement before action)
Subsequent (judgement after action

Question 5

What is conscious

Answer 5

The ability to weigh what is right or wrong, compelling people to repair wrongful actions

Question 6

What does natural law mean

Answer 6

It aims to protect the intrinsic dignity of humans emphasing unchangeable moral principles bedded in human nature

Question 7

What is relativism

Answer 7

Ethical norms vary by culture

Question 8

What is subjectivism

Answer 8

There is no universal good or bad
It is based on personal perception

Question 9

What is ontologism

Answer 9

Emphasizes goodness is inherent in being. These are objective moralities

Question 10

What is deontologism

Answer 10

Emphasizes duty and rules
An acts morality comes from ethical law

Question 11

What is emotivism?

Answer 11

The dangers of emotivism- you make moral judgements based on feeling

Question 12

Critiues of utilitarism

Answer 12

Maximises happiness minimize suffering if it brings greater pleasure to greater numbers
Can be bad as it can justify harmful actions

Question 13

Pragmatic utilitirian model

Answer 13

Cost benefit analysis to maximize human welfare - critiques for reducing human value to economic means.

Question 14

A person is not just something

Answer 14

They are also someone

Question 15

Substantial unity

Answer 15

Only in death will mind a body be spereates

Question 16

First second and third order principles

Answer 16

First; do good avoid evil
Second; life and truth
Third; cultural and societal norms

Question 17

Ontological dignity

Answer 17

Every human possess a right to respect, just for being human

Question 18

Kant vs singer
Circumstantial dignity versus
Ontological dignity

Answer 18

Circumstantial dependant the role of a person eg a leader and can be lost
Ontological is everlasting

Kant and singer both opposed these as singer saw it as developing capacities and Kant saw it as devilling autonomy eg humans are an end in themselves and not just a mean

Singer believed that humans with certain limitations were perhaps not fully morally integrated

Question 19

Materialistic interpretation
Dualistic interpretation
Substantial unity

Answer 19

1 denies spiritual dimensions- focusing purely on physical
2 views body and spirit as separate fails to explain our unified experience
3 combines body and spirit into a single being

Question 20

Aristotle four cardinal virtues

Answer 20

1. Prudence (Wisdom): The ability to judge correctly what is right and what is wrong in any given situation.
   
   2. Justice: Giving each person what they are due and maintaining fairness and equality in interactions.
   3. Fortitude (Courage): The strength to face fears and overcome challenges, enduring difficulties for the sake of a greater good.
   4. Temperance: Self-control and moderation, especially regarding desires and pleasures, to maintain balance and harmony in life.

Question 21

What is love as a dynamism

Answer 21

Love is an active part and not just something g passive and static.
Pushes individuals to transcend self interest

Question 22

Ontological
Circumstantial

Answer 22

Plane of being
Plane of having

Question 23

Error of dignity

Answer 23

Confusing circumstantial dignity with ontological dignity

Question 24

Dignity is not in the biological sphere

Answer 24

But on the ontological plane